ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2020
The effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia in children in Lao People's Democratic Republic: An observational hospital-based test-negative study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeableHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Aetiology of acute respiratory infection in Vientiane, Lao PDR, from a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Pneumococcal density and respiratory co-detection in severe pediatric pneumonia in Laos.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of admissions to hospital with hypoxaemic and non-hypoxaemic pneumonia in Kenyan children.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumonia Incidence Rates among Children 2-59 Months of Age, Mongolia, 2015-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Pneumococcal colonization and severity of pneumonia in hospitalized Cambodian children following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.IJID regions · 2023Article
- Evaluation strategies for measuring pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact in low-resource settings.Expert review of vaccines · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia and hospitalisation in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: An observational cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Article
- Australia's Role in Pneumococcal and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Evaluation in Asia-Pacific.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Observational
- Epidemiology of Hypoxic Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years of Age: An Observational Study in Northern India.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Of novel analytic approaches and impactful findings… and an opportunity to pose more questions.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumococcal pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood mortality. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been shown to reduce hypoxic pneumonia in children. However, there are no studies from Asia examining the effectiveness of PCVs on hypoxic pneumonia. We describe a novel approach to determine the effectiveness of the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) against hypoxia in children admitted with pneumonia in the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
methodsA prospective hospital-based, test-negative observational study of children aged up to 59 months admitted with pneumonia to a single tertiary hospital in Vientiane was undertaken over 54 months. Pneumonia was defined using the 2013 WHO definition. Hypoxia was defined as oxygen saturation <90% in room air or requiring oxygen supplementation during hospitalisation. Test-negative cases and controls were children with hypoxic and non-hypoxic pneumonia, respectively. PCV13 status was determined by written record. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using logistic regression. Propensity score and multiple imputation analyses were used to handle confounding and missing data.
findingsThere were 826 children admitted with pneumonia, 285 had hypoxic pneumonia and 377 were PCV13-vaccinated. The unadjusted, propensity-score adjusted and multiple-imputation adjusted estimates of vaccine effectiveness against hypoxic pneumonia were 23% (95% confidence interval: -9, 46%; p=0•14); 37% (6, 57%; p=0•02) and 35% (7, 55%; p=0•02) respectively.
interpretationPCV13 is effective against hypoxic pneumonia in Asia, and should be prioritised for inclusion in national immunisation programs. This single hospital-based, test-negative approach can be used to assess vaccine effectiveness in other similar settings.
fundingFunded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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