Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34327251›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021

Association of Clinical Severity With Family Affluence-Based Socioeconomic Status Among Hospitalized Pediatric Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Patients in Henan, China: A Single Hospital-Based Case Series Study.

Kai Wang, Fang Wang, Yu Li, Lu Liang, Peng Cui, Shujuan Han, Yonghong Zhou, Qi Qiu, Yibing Cheng, Chun Guo and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 51% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Kai WangSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Fang WangChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Yu LiDivision of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Lu LiangWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Peng CuiSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Shujuan HanChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Yonghong ZhouSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Qi QiuSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Yibing ChengChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Chun GuoSchool of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Mengyao ZengSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Lu LongWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Tianchen ZhangDivision of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Hongjie YuSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Fudan University · CNSichuan University · CNZhengzhou Children's Hospital · CNChinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention · CNHuazhong University of Science and Technology · CNUniversity of Hong Kong · HKZhengzhou University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association between the clinical severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) inpatients and socioeconomic status (SES) is important for quantifying SES inequality in HFMD disease burden and informing decision-makers regarding medical subsidy and reimbursement policies. Here, this association was investigated using a quantitative SES measurement.

methodsLaboratory-confirmed HFMD cases hospitalized at Henan Children's Hospital from February 15, 2017, to February 15, 2018, were invited. We utilized the revised Family Affluence Scale for family affluence-based SES measurement. Clinical severity was diagnosed based on central nervous system (CNS) complications, treatments, and length of stay. We applied logistic regression for association analyses and multiple imputation for missing data.

resultsA total of 1229 laboratory-confirmed HFMD inpatients responded. Adjusted by age, sex, rural residence, EV-A71 infection, and health-seeking behavior, CNS complications (odds ratio [OR], 2.72; 95% CI, 1.41-5.31), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR, 7.30; 95% CI, 2.21-25.97), and prolonged hospitalization (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.44-7.58) were significantly associated with lower family affluence-based SES. These associations increased as the SES category descended. For EV-A71-infected inpatients, severe HFMD was significantly associated with low and intermediate SES. For non-EV-A71-infected inpatients, only the association of prolonged hospitalization with low SES increased significantly. Also, severe HFMD inpatients, especially those admitted to the ICU, incurred high hospitalization costs.

conclusionsThe clinical severity of HMFD inpatients was significantly associated with family affluence-based SES. Severe HFMD inpatients were more likely to have lower SES than nonsevere inpatients and suffered a heavy economic burden. Therefore, medical subsidy and reimbursement policies should offer sufficient monetary support to severe HFMD inpatients to alleviate economic burden in low-SES populations and reduce potential SES inequality.

Indexed as

clinical severityfamily affluence scalehand, foot, and mouth diseasehospitalization costsocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID34327251
PMCPMC8314950
OpenAlexW3142722286

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.