ReviewCureus2021
The Role of 3D Exoscope Systems in Neurosurgery: An Optical Innovation.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exoscope versus microscope in spine surgery: A meta-analysis based on procedure-specific subgroup analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- 3D digital exoscope is safe tool in the surgery of olfactory groove meningiomas.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- [Research progress of lymphaticovenous anastomosis in treatment of secondary lymphedema].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional exoscope-assisted combined petrosal approach for petroclival meningiomas: technical nuances from early experience.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- From the Infratentorial to the Supratentorial Compartment with a Minimally Invasive Exoscope-Guided Suboccipital Craniectomy: A Case Report and Technical Notes.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Craniotomy Complexity and Outcomes in Exoscope-Assisted Cranial Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Exoscopes in Neurosurgery: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2025Review
- Comparison of surgical exoscope versus operating microscope in spine surgery: A Surgeon's perspective.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Exoscopic and Microscopic Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass.Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement · 2025Article
- Application of the ORBEYE Three-Dimensional Exoscope for Parotidectomies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Microsurgical Resection of Meningiomas Using a 4K Three-Dimensional Exoscope: A Descriptive Observational Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Meralgia Paresthetica: An Anatomical Review and Surgical Case Presentation Utilizing a Robotic Exoscope.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- New Frontiers in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Surgery - A Single Center Experience with the 3-Dimensional Exoscope.The journal of international advanced otology · 2024Article
- Exoscope and Supermicrosurgery: Pros and Cons of 3D Innovation in Lymphatic Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Exoscopic versus Microscopic Surgery in 5-ALA-Guided Resection of High-Grade Gliomas.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- 3D exoscopic versus microscopic superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass surgery for moyamoya disease - a comparative series.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
- Selective dorsal rhizotomy using a 3D high definition exoscope.Neurosurgical focus: Video · 2024Article
- Exoscope for revision of right lateral femoral cutaneous nerve decompression.Neurosurgical focus: Video · 2024Article
- Exoscope-assisted resection of a recurrent left frontal pilocytic astrocytoma.Neurosurgical focus: Video · 2024Article
- Feasibility of exoscopic keyhole surgery: case series.Neurosurgical focus: Video · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of the three-dimensional (3D) exoscope is a marvel of technological innovation in modern surgical practice. While its predecessor, the operating microscope (OM), has long been the gold-standard surgical visualization modality, its particular limitations in terms of accessibility and ergonomic demand have led to the development of a more sophisticated, 3D model. Specifically, the 3D exoscope allows for an enhanced image quality of the surgical field, while also being more ergonomically favorable. Moreover, this device's ability to handle delicate microsensitve procedures, along with its alleviation of surgeon fatigue, indicates great potential for neurosurgical application. For this narrative review, the authors queried PubMed database using the keyword "exoscope" to identify relevant studies involving the specialty of neurosurgery that were published in English language full text. The search yielded full-text English language-related articles regarding neurosurgical exoscope, its applications and limitations. The 3D exoscope uniquely allows for enhanced surgeon comfort and superior imaging of the patient's real-time anatomy. However, the OM was described to having a slight image favorability with fusion and decompression surgery. Cost analysis is highlighted for its potential disparity. 3D exoscopes will potentially be incorporated with intelligent carriers and robotic surgical systems. Ultimately, with further studies highlighting its use, the 3D exoscope is expected to continue to imprint its status as one of the most efficient technological visualization tools in the future of neurosurgical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.