ReviewWorld journal of diabetes2021
Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: An association to bear in mind.
Review in World journal of diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of monoterpene linalool in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: modulation of autophagy and apoptosis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Vitamin B Supplementation for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Demystifying Nutritional Consequences of Pharmacological Weight Loss and Performance Enhancement-A Critical Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Synergistic antidiabetic efficacy of dorzolamide and metformin: HPTLC quantification and biological evaluation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin BBMJ open · 2026Article
- Identification of a genetic risk factor for metformin-induced vitamin BDiabetologia · 2026Article
- Interpretable Machine Learning to Predict Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Association with Glycemic Control and Neuropathic Symptoms.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Semaglutide Plus Low-Dose Metformin Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Obesity and Prediabetes in a Woman with Partial Deletion of the X Chromosome Long Arm.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- The association between medication use and vitamin BBMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Clinician awareness and implementation of vitamin BBMC primary care · 2026Article
- Old Drug, New Science: Metformin and the Future of Pharmaceutics.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The association between SGLT2 inhibitor use and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Metformin-Associated Gastrointestinal Intolerance: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Management.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2026Review
- Metformin-Enhanced Digital Therapeutics for the Affordable Primary Prevention of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: Advancing Low-Cost Solutions for Lifestyle-Related Chronic Disorders.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of the MHRA safety update on vitamin BBMC primary care · 2025Article
- Metformin as a Neuroendocrine Modulator in Catamenial Epilepsy: Interplay with Sex Hormones and Neurosteroids.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Distinct Circulating Biomarker Profiles Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Regional Cohort-A Cross-Sectional Study.Metabolites · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To date, metformin remains the first-line oral glucose-lowering drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes thanks to its well-established long-term safety and efficacy profile. Indeed, metformin is the most widely used oral insulin-sensitizing agent, being prescribed to more than 100 million people worldwide, including patients with prediabetes, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, over the last decades several observational studies and meta-analyses have reported a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Of note, evidence suggests that long-term and high-dose metformin therapy impairs vitamin B12 status. Vitamin B12 (also referred to as cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that is mainly obtained from animal-sourced foods. At the cellular level, vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes that play a critical role in DNA synthesis and neuroprotection. Thus, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of clinical consequences that include hematologic abnormalities (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.