Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34326924›Full record

ArticleAmerican economic journal. Economic policy2018

Supply-Side Drug Policy in the Presence of Substitutes: Evidence from the Introduction of Abuse-Deterrent Opioids.

Abby Alpert, David Powell, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American economic journal. Economic policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Trial
  3. Applied behavioral and decision sciences in support of US FDA's drug regulatory mission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Insurance coverage and provision of opioid disorder treatment: Evidence from Medicare.Journal of policy analysis and management : [the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management] · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Improving Policy Evaluations Of The Opioid Crisis.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Widening Racial Disparities in the U.S. Overdose Epidemic.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Abby AlpertThe Wharton School; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104.
David PowellRAND, Arlington, VA 22202.
Rosalie Liccardo PaculaRAND, Santa Monica, CA 90401.

Funding

Prescription Drug Coverage, Access to Opioids, and Drug AbuseR21DA041653 · NIDA · RAND CORPORATION · PI POWELL, DAVID · 2017 to 2018
$526k
NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA041653
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Overdose deaths from prescription opioid pain relievers nearly quadrupled between 1999 and 2010. We study the consequences of one of the largest supply disruptions to date to abusable opioids - the introduction of an abuse-deterrent version of OxyContin in 2010. Supply-side interventions which limit access to opioids may have the unintended consequence of increasing use of substitute drugs, including heroin. Exploiting cross-state variation in OxyContin exposure, we find that states with the highest initial rates of OxyContin misuse experienced the largest increases in heroin deaths. Our results imply that the recent heroin epidemic is largely due to the reformulation of OxyContin.

Indexed as

abuse-deterrenceheroinI12I18opioidssupply-side drug policy

Identifiers

PMID34326924
PMCPMC8317673

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.