ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Progress in the Application of Drugs for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review to explore patients' MS knowledge and MS risk knowledge.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsions for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dimethyl Fumarate: Development, Characterization and Proof-of-Concept In Vivo Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies as promising therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- DHCR24 in cholesterol metabolism and diseases of the nervous system.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs in the biology and hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases.Trends in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Epigenetic and Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Herbal Drug Approaches and Current Clinical Trials.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profiling identifies ferroptosis and NF-κB signaling involved in α-dimorphecolic acid regulation of microglial inflammation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of HYCO-3, a dual action CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring precision therapeutics: computational design of antisense oligonucleotides targeting AXL gene transcripts in multiple sclerosis treatment management.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Role of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Immunoglobulin G and Complement as Major Players in the Neurodegeneration of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Genetic susceptibility and causal pathway analysis of eye disorders coexisting in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Early Initiation Advantages of Physical Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis-A Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nanomaterials for antigen-specific immune tolerance therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- Shared genetic loci between Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: Crossroads between neurodegeneration and immune system.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Article
- Genetically Engineered Artificial Microvesicles Carrying Nerve Growth Factor Restrains the Progression of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in an Experimental Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Challenges for Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Moving forward through the in silico modeling of multiple sclerosis: Treatment layer implementation and validation.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which gives rise to focal lesion in CNS and cause physical disorders. Although environmental factors and susceptibility genes are reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS, its etiology still remains unclear. At present, there is no complete cure, but there are drugs that decelerate the progression of MS. Traditional therapies are disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity. MS drugs that are currently marketed mainly aim at the immune system; however, increasing attention is being paid to the development of new treatment strategies targeting the CNS. Further, the number of neuroprotective drugs is presently undergoing clinical trials and may prove useful for the improvement of neuronal function and survival. In this review, we have summarized the recent application of drugs used in MS treatment, mainly introducing new drugs with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, or regenerative properties and their possible treatment strategies for MS. Additionally, we have presented Food and Drug Administration-approved MS treatment drugs and their administration methods, mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness, thereby evaluating their treatment efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.