ArticleNature and science of sleep2021
Artificial Neural Networks Analysis of polysomnographic and clinical features in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): from sleep alteration to "Brain Fog".
Article in Nature and science of sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07718958 (BIOMA-PANS - Diagnostic and Treatment-response BIOMArkers in Children and Adolescents With PANS), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BIOMA-PANS - Diagnostic and Treatment-response BIOMArkers in Children and Adolescents With PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome)
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic Treatment of Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Options.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Review
- Sex-associated and disease state-dependent monocyte polarization and CNS-trafficking phenotypes in pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- REM sleep atonia in patients with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: implications for pathophysiology.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Neurological Soft Signs at Presentation in Patients With Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Case Report: REM sleep without atonia in an adult with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: a case study and mechanistic insights.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Article
- Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): Immunological Features Underpinning Controversial Entities.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Development of Autoimmune Diseases Among Children With Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Neurological Soft Signs at Presentation in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Review
- Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections: a delphi study and consensus document about definition, diagnostic criteria, treatment and follow-up.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Polysomnographic parameters in long-COVID chronic insomnia patients.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Current Perspectives.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- Article
- Orexin/Hypocretin System Dysfunction in ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations).Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Commentary on the Paper by Gagliano et al: Artificial Neural Networks Analysis of Polysomnographic and Clinical Features in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): From Sleep Alteration to "Brain Fog" [Letter].Nature and science of sleep · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesPANS (pediatric acute onset neuropsychiatric syndrome) is thought to be the result of several mechanisms and multiple etiologies, ranging from endocrine/metabolic causes to postinfectious autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. Sleep disorders represent one of the most frequent manifestations of PANS, involving around 80% of patients. The present study describes the clinical and polysomnographic features in a group of PANS children identifying the relationships between sleep disorders and other PANS symptoms.
methodsAll participants underwent a clinical evaluation including comprehensive sleep history, polysomnography, cognitive assessment and blood chemistry examination. A data mining approach with fourth-generation artificial neural networks has been used in order to discover subtle trends and associations among variables.
resultsPolysomnography showed abnormality in 17 out of 23 recruited subjects (73.9%). In particular, 8/17 children (47%) had ineffective sleep, 10/17 (58.8%) fragmented sleep, 8/17 (47.1%) periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and 11/17 (64.7%) REM-sleep without atonia (RSWA). Most subjects presented more than one sleep disturbances. Notably, among the 19/23 patients diagnosed with Tic/Tourette disorder, 8/19 (42.1%) show PLMD and 10/19 (52.6%) RSWA. Artificial neural network methodology and the auto-contractive map exploited the links among the full spectrum of variables revealing the simultaneous connections among them, facing the complexity of PANS phenotype.
conclusionDisordered sleep represents, for prevalence and impact on quality of life, a cardinal symptom in patients with PANS. Thus, considering the weight of sleep disturbances on diagnosis and prognosis of PANS, we could consider the possibility of including them among the major diagnostic criteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.