ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Microbial Contamination of Extended Use Ophthalmic Drops in Ophthalmology Clinic.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiological Contamination of Nasal Topical Preparations Used After Septoplasty: A Comparative Analysis.Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Microbiological Contamination of Medicinal Products -Is It a Significant Problem?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluating and Managing the Microbial Contamination of Eye Drops: A Two-Phase Hospital-Based Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Preservative-Free Topical Anesthetic Unit-Dose Eye Drops for the Management of Postoperative Pain Following Photorefractive Keratectomy.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of microbial contamination of multi-user preserved ophthalmic drops (POD) in Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic (OOC), to compare the rate of contamination between the dropper tip and the residual contents in the bottle, and to identify the contaminating organisms.
methodsThis was an observational cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method conducted in the OOC of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Malaysia. The samples of POD bottles were divided into groups obtained after 14 days (T14) and after 30 days (T30) of use. The contamination rate at the dropper tip and in the residual contents was determined and the contaminating organisms were identified.
resultsA total of 140 of 149 extended-use POD bottles were included. The prevalence of contamination was 30%. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of contamination between samples T14 and T30 (19% and 11%, respectively;
conclusionThe dropper tip was more contaminated than the residual contents, and coagulase-negative
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Registered trials
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