Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34326558›Full record

ArticleThe Psychological record2020

Increased Reinforcer Immediacy can Promote Employment-Seeking in Unemployed Homeless Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Forrest Toegel, August F Holtyn, Kenneth Silverman

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Psychological record, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Technology-assisted opioid education for out-of-treatment adults with opioid use disorder.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Forrest ToegelJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
August F HoltynJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Kenneth SilvermanJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

HUMAN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSET32DA007209 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Eric C. Strain, Elise M Weerts · 1985 to 2026
$12.9M
A therapeutic workplace for homeless adults with alcohol use disordersR01AA024101 · NIAAA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILVERMAN, KENNETH · 2018 to 2022
$2.8M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA024101NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007209
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unemployment, homelessness, and substance use are interrelated. The present study took place as part of a clinical trial aimed to promote employment and abstinence from alcohol in unemployed, homeless adults with alcohol use disorders. Participants earned abstinence-contingent financial incentives for completing employment-seeking activities and hourly stipends for working with an employment specialist. In the initial condition, participants were paid all earnings on Bi-Monthly intervals. Despite the availability of incentives for completing employment-seeking activities, participants completed activities at low rates. A multiple-baseline across participants was used to evaluate the effect of providing pay every day for completing employment-seeking activities. Daily pay increased rates of completing activities for all three participants. Results suggest that reinforcer immediacy can be an important parameter in the control of employment-seeking activities.

Indexed as

delayed reinforcementemploymenthomelessnessincentivesreinforcer immediacy

Identifiers

PMID34326558
PMCPMC8318350
OpenAlexW3085594182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.