Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34326355›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate to combat MERS-CoV by employing an immunoinformatics approach.

Shafi Mahmud, Md Oliullah Rafi, Gobindo Kumar Paul, Maria Meha Promi, Mst Sharmin Sultana Shimu, Suvro Biswas, Talha Bin Emran, Kuldeep Dhama, Salem A Alyami, Mohammad Ali Moni and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Design of a Novel Peptide-Based Vaccine TargetingInternational journal of dentistry · 2026
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  19. Biotechnologia · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Shafi Mahmud *Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6505, Bangladesh.
Md Oliullah Rafi *Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
Gobindo Kumar PaulMicrobiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6505, Bangladesh.
Maria Meha PromiDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6505, Bangladesh.
Mst Sharmin Sultana ShimuDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6505, Bangladesh.
Suvro BiswasDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6505, Bangladesh.
Talha Bin EmranDepartment of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
Kuldeep DhamaDivision of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Salem A AlyamiDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Ali MoniFaculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre on eHealth, UNSW Digital Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. m.moni@unsw.edu.au.
Md Abu SalehMicrobiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6505, Bangladesh. saleh@ru.ac.bd.
University of Rajshahi · BDBGC Trust University Bangladesh · BDImam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University · SAIndian Veterinary Research Institute · INUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Currently, no approved vaccine is available against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which causes severe respiratory disease. The spike glycoprotein is typically considered a suitable target for MERS-CoV vaccine candidates. A computational strategy can be used to design an antigenic vaccine against a pathogen. Therefore, we used immunoinformatics and computational approaches to design a multi-epitope vaccine that targets the spike glycoprotein of MERS-CoV. After using numerous immunoinformatics tools and applying several immune filters, a poly-epitope vaccine was constructed comprising cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte (CTL)-, helper T-cell lymphocyte (HTL)-, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-inducing epitopes. In addition, various physicochemical, allergenic, and antigenic profiles were evaluated to confirm the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine. Molecular interactions, binding affinities, and the thermodynamic stability of the vaccine were examined through molecular docking and dynamic simulation approaches, during which we identified a stable and strong interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In silico immune simulations were performed to assess the immune-response triggering capabilities of the vaccine. This computational analysis suggested that the proposed vaccine candidate would be structurally stable and capable of generating an effective immune response to combat viral infections; however, experimental evaluations remain necessary to verify the exact safety and immunogenicity profile of this vaccine.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyCoronavirus InfectionsEpitopesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusModels, MolecularMolecular Docking SimulationPhylogenyProtein BindingSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerVaccinesEpitopesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteMiddle East respiratory syndrome vaccineSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccinesVaccines, DNAVaccines, SubunitViral Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID34326355
PMCPMC8322212
OpenAlexW3184818553

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.