Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34326352›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes.

V R Sanal Kumar, Vigneshwaran Sankar, Nichith Chandrasekaran, Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed Rafic, Ajith Sukumaran, Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, Shiv Kumar Choudhary

RetractedOpen access · goldAbstract readRetracted Publication
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Sanal flow choking in cardiovascular systems: A scientific fallacy.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

V R Sanal KumarIndian Space Research Organisation, VSSC, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695022, India. vr_sanalkumar@yahoo.co.in.
Vigneshwaran SankarIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India.
Nichith ChandrasekaranIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India.
Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed RaficKumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Ajith SukumaranKumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641049, India.
Pradeep Kumar RadhakrishnanGITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
Shiv Kumar ChoudharyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110608, India.
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore · INAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · INGITAM University · INIndian Space Research Organisation · IN

Funding

Science and Engineering Research Board CRG/2021/003886 (Accepted for Evaluation)SERB, Government of India CRG/2021/003886 (Pending)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evidences are escalating on the diverse neurological-disorders and asymptomatic cardiovascular-diseases associated with COVID-19 pandemic due to the Sanal-flow-choking. Herein, we established the proof of the concept of nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in real-world fluid-flow systems using a closed-form-analytical-model. This mathematical-model is capable of predicting exactly the 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factor of nanoscale diabatic-fluid-flow systems (flow involves the transfer of heat) at the Sanal-flow-choking condition. As the pressure of the diabatic nanofluid and/or non-continuum-flows rises, average-mean-free-path diminishes and thus, the Knudsen-number lowers heading to a zero-slip wall-boundary condition with the compressible-viscous-flow regime in the nanoscale-tubes leading to Sanal-flow-choking due to the sonic-fluid-throat effect. At the Sanal-flow-choking condition the total-to-static pressure ratio (ie., systolic-to-diastolic pressure ratio) is a unique function of the heat-capacity-ratio of the real-world flows. The innovation of the nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking model is established herein through the entropy relation, as it satisfies all the conservation-laws of nature. The physical insight of the boundary-layer-blockage persuaded nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in diabatic flows presented in this article sheds light on finding solutions to numerous unresolved scientific problems in physical, chemical and biological sciences carried forward over the centuries because the mathematical-model describing the phenomenon of Sanal-flow-choking is a unique scientific-language of the real-world-fluid flows. The 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factors presented herein for various gases are universal-benchmark-data for performing high-fidelity in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments in nanotubes.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalAlgorithmsBiophysical PhenomenaCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaCardiovascular SystemComputational BiologyCOVID-19Fluid ShiftsHumansHydrodynamicsNanotubesPhysical PhenomenaRheologySARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34326352
PMCPMC8322152
OpenAlexW3185433377

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.