ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of a human blood-brain barrier model in the absence of infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Sigma-1 receptor regulates HIV-1 and methamphetamine-induced endothelial/pericyte barrier impairment via strain-specific inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysregulation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Occludin modulates HIV and ischaemic stroke response via the mitochondrial antiviral signalling pathway.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection Influences Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Components in Astrocytes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of NRP1/HDAC4/CREB/RIPK1 Axis in SARS-CoV2 S1 Spike Subunit-Induced Neuronal Toxicity.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- SARS-Cov-2 Replication in a Blood-Brain Barrier Model Established with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induces Permeability and Disables ACE2-Dependent Regulation of Bradykinin B1 Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with Human Target Cells-A Metabolic View.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infects neurons, astrocytes, choroid plexus epithelial cells and pericytes of the human central nervous systemThe Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- The S1 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 variants differentially trigger the IL-6 signaling pathway in human brain endothelial cells and downstream impact on microglia activation.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Cenicriviroc prevents dysregulation of astrocyte/endothelial cross talk induced by ischemia and HIV-1 via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
- Occludin: a gatekeeper of brain Infection by HIV-1.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Review
- Review
- Occludin Regulates HIV-1 Infection by Modulation of the Interferon Stimulated OAS Gene Family.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to Tau pathological signature in neurons.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Differential effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants on central nervous system cells and blood-brain barrier functions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome and gut dysbiosis as a putative link between HIV-1 infection and ischemic stroke.Trends in neurosciences · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeurological complications are common in patients affected by COVID-19 due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect brains. While the mechanisms of this process are not fully understood, it has been proposed that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of the current study was to analyze the expression pattern of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptors in naïve and HIV-1-infected cells of the NVU in order to elucidate a possible pathway of the virus entry into the brain and a potential modulatory impact of HIV-1 in this process.
methodsThe gene and protein expression profile of ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, BSG, DPP4, AGTR2, ANPEP, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L was assessed by qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining, respectively. In addition, we investigated if brain endothelial cells can be affected by the exposure to the S1 subunit of the S protein, the domain responsible for the direct binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptors.
resultsThe receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection are co-expressed in the cells of the NVU, especially in astrocytes and microglial cells. These receptors are functionally active as exposure of endothelial cells to the SARS CoV-2 S1 protein subunit altered the expression pattern of tight junction proteins, such as claudin-5 and ZO-1. Additionally, HIV-1 infection upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in brain astrocytes and microglia cells.
conclusionsThese findings provide key insight into SARS-CoV-2 recognition by cells of the NVU and may help to develop possible treatment of CNS complications of COVID-19.
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