ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics2021
Cannabidiol loaded extracellular vesicles sensitize triple-negative breast cancer to doxorubicin in both in-vitro and in vivo models.
Article in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabidiol effects in stem cells: A systematic review.BioFactors (Oxford, England)Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic studies and synergistic antitumor effects of cannabichromene and cannabidiol in drug-resistant breast cancers.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Cannabinoids in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Death and Translational Opportunities.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Comprehensive design and characterization of pH-gradient-loaded donkey-milk exosomes for oral octreotide delivery: A bench-to-in silico roadmap.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle therapy in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis ofMolecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Genetically bio-engineered PD-L1 targeted exosomes for immunotherapy of resistant triple negative breast cancer.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Integrative Use of Cannabidiol, Melatonin, and Oxygen-Ozone Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Lung and Mediastinal Metastases. A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- The Role of Cannabinoids and the Endocannabinoid System in the Treatment and Regulation of Nausea and Vomiting.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Long-Term Stabilization of Non-Bovine Milk Exosomes Using Lyophilization: Toward Oral Delivery of PROTAC Therapeutics.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2026Article
- Engineering HLA-G-targeted extracellular vesicles nanoplatform for enhanced cancer therapy through precise cancer drug delivery.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to NK cell-mediated killing via EGFR inhibition and FAS upregulation.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Liposomal Co-Delivery of Acteoside, CBD, and Naringenin: A Synergistic Strategy Against Gliomas.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol-Loaded Retinal Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Oxidatively Stressed ARPE-19 Cells.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Targeting EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer: Role of miR-5193/miR-149-5p loaded NK-EVs and Carboplatin combination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Cell Death Induced by Cannabidiol Against Tumor Cells: A Review of Preclinical Studies.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Utilization of Cannabidiol in Post-Organ-Transplant Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cannabidiol Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Myocardial Injury via Activating Hippo Pathway.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and were further encapsulated with cannabidiol (CBD) through sonication method (CBD EVs). CBD EVs displayed an average particle size of 114.1 ± 1.02 nm, zeta potential of -30.26 ± 0.12 mV, entrapment efficiency of 92.3 ± 2.21% and stability for several months at 4 °C. CBD release from the EVs was observed as 50.74 ± 2.44% and 53.99 ± 1.4% at pH 6.8 and pH 7.4, respectively after 48 h. Our in-vitro studies demonstrated that CBD either alone or in EVs form significantly sensitized MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin (DOX) (*P < 0.05). Flow cytometry and migration studies revealed that CBD EVs either alone or in combination with DOX induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreased migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. CBD EVs and DOX combination significantly reduced tumor burden (***P < 0.001) in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor model. Western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that CBD EVs and DOX combination decreased the expression of proteins involved in inflammation, metastasis and increased the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. CBD EVs and DOX combination will have profound clinical significance in not only decreasing the side effects but also increasing the therapeutic efficacy of DOX in TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.