Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34324181›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2021

Direct Conversion of Human Fibroblasts to Induced Neurons.

Lucia Zhou-Yang, Sophie Eichhorner, Lukas Karbacher, Lena Böhnke, Larissa Traxler, Jerome Mertens

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Cellular Senescence of Patient-derived Fibroblasts Reveals the Mid-old Stage as a Critical Window for Transcriptomic Signatures Linked to Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers and Classification.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lucia Zhou-YangNeural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria.
Sophie EichhornerNeural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria.
Lukas KarbacherNeural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria.
Lena BöhnkeNeural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria.
Larissa TraxlerNeural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria.
Jerome MertensNeural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. jerome.mertens@uibk.ac.at.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Progressive aging is a physiological process that represents a central risk factor for the development of several human age-associated chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. A major focus in biomedical research is the pursuit for appropriate model systems to better model the biology of human aging and the interface between aging and disease mechanisms. Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into induced neurons (iNs) has emerged as a novel technology for the in vitro modeling of age-dependent neurological diseases. Similar to other cellular reprogramming techniques, e.g., iPSC-based cellular reprograming, direct conversion relies on the ectopic overexpression of transcription factors, typically including well-known pioneer factors. However, in contrast to alternative technologies to generate neurons, the entire process of direct conversion bypasses any proliferative or stem cell-like stage, which in fact renders it the unique aptitude of preserving age-associated hallmarks from the initial fibroblast source. In this chapter, we introduce direct conversion as a practical and easy-to-approach disease model for aging and neurodegenerative disease research. A focus here is to provide a stepwise protocol for the efficient and highly reproducible generation of iNs from adult dermal fibroblasts from human donors.

Indexed as

Cellular ReprogrammingCellular Reprogramming TechniquesBiomarkersDermisFibroblastsFlow CytometryGenetic VectorsHumansImmunophenotypingLentivirusNeuronsTransduction, GeneticBiomarkersAgingCell reprogrammingDirect conversionInduced neurons (iNs)NeurodegenerationNeurological diseases

Identifiers

PMID34324181

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.