Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34322302›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of cardiovascular disease2021

Patent foramen ovale: anatomical complexity and long-tunnel morphology related issues.

Giampiero Vizzari, Fausto Pizzino, Dianne Zwicke, A Jamil Tajik, Scipione Carerj, Gianluca Di Bella, Antonio Micari, Bijoy K Khandheria, Concetta Zito

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of cardiovascular disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Anatomical features of percutaneously closed patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic stroke.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Giampiero VizzariDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic "G. Martino" Messina 98165, Italy.
Fausto PizzinoCardiology Unit, Conegliano Hospital, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana Conegliano (TV) 31015, Italy.
Dianne ZwickeAurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, #840, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA.
A Jamil TajikAurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, #840, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA.
Scipione CarerjDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic "G. Martino" Messina 98165, Italy.
Gianluca Di BellaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic "G. Martino" Messina 98165, Italy.
Antonio MicariDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic "G. Martino" Messina 98165, Italy.
Bijoy K KhandheriaAurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, #840, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA.
Concetta ZitoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic "G. Martino" Messina 98165, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in about one-quarter of the population and should be considered an anatomical variant rather than a malformation. The association of PFO with cryptogenic stroke, migraine, peripheral embolism and other pathologies is still controversial. The evaluation of anatomical complexity, and particularly the long-tunnel morphology, is crucial for the assessment of the risk profile and for a targeted therapeutic management. Long-tunnel PFOs seem to be more prone to clot formation and complications related to percutaneous closure procedures. Echocardiography is the most useful method to investigate anatomical complexity, confirm and reinforce the indication to treatment, select the appropriate device and guide the PFO closure towards a successful procedure.

Indexed as

complex PFOcryptogenic strokePatent foramen ovalepercutaneous PFO closuretunnel PFO

Identifiers

PMID34322302
PMCPMC8303044

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.