Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34322297›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of cardiovascular disease2021

Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis of small and large randomized controlled trials.

Saeed Shoar, Ahmed Ali Shah, Waleed Ikram, Najam Farooq, Agnes Udoh, Elsa Tabibzadeh, Soheila Khavandi, Siamak Khavandi

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of cardiovascular disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Saeed ShoarDepartment of Clinical Research, ScientificWriting Corp Houston, TX, USA.
Ahmed Ali ShahSchool of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Waleed IkramSchool of Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College Lahore, Pakistan.
Najam FarooqSchool of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Agnes UdohSchool of Medicine, Madonna University Okija, Nigeria.
Elsa TabibzadehDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.
Soheila KhavandiDepartment of Cardiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.
Siamak KhavandiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran.
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown promise in improving cardiovascular outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Although these benefits have been confirmed by several meta-analyses, small studies have not been included into these pooled analyses.

aimPublication of recent RCTs prompted us to perform this updated meta-analysis to examine the consistency of favorable cardiovascular outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors in HF patients by inclusion of clinical trials with small sample size.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature in PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify all RCTs investigating the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HF. The primary endpoint of this meta-analysis was to compare the cardiovascular death (CVD) and hospitalization for HF (HHF) between patients who received an SGLT2 inhibitor and those who received a placebo or a non-SGLT2 inhibitor. We used a risk difference (RD) and log hazard ratio (HR) to pool the reported difference across the included RCTs.

resultsA total of 12 RCTs encompassing 59,825 patients at different stages of HF and DM were included, 32,448 patients in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 27,377 patients in the control group. A pooled analysis of RCTs, regardless of HF severity or DM status, showed a significantly reduced RD for CVD (RD =-0.01, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.00], P=0.01) and HHF (RD =-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03, -0.01], P=0.0005) in patients who received a SGLT2 inhibitor compared to those who did not. A sub-group analysis showed a significantly reduced RD for CVD (RD =-0.01, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.00], P=0.03) and HHF (RD =-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03, 0.00], P=0.01) in patients with DM who received SGLT2 inhibitors regardless of the severity of HF. Also, regardless of DM status, RD for HHF favored the use of SGLT2 inhibitor than the control medication (RD =-0.05, 95% CI [-0.06, -0.03], P<0.00001).

conclusionSGLT2 inhibitors have shown a promise in reducing CVD and HHF in patients with HF, regardless of ejection fraction or diabetes status.

Indexed as

cardiovascular mortalitydiabetes mellitusheart failurehospitalization for heart failureSGLT2 inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID34322297
PMCPMC8303041
OpenAlexW3184319836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.