ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
A Novel Mechanism of Carvedilol Efficacy for Rosacea Treatment: Toll-Like Receptor 2 Inhibition in Macrophages.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- UVB Upregulates Inflammatory Cytokines in Rosacea Cell Model by Promoting the Expression of TRPVs and TLR2.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Therapeutic progress in rosacea: targeting the neuro-vascular-immune triad.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Blood-brain barrier penetration determines link between beta blockers and reduced mortality in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A multicenter cohort study and an effect heterogeneity tool.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune-vascular interactions in rosacea and hypertension: a mechanistic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Phenylacetylglutamine Induces Deleterious Inflammation Cycle in Myeloid Cells through βAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The role of skin barrier and immune abnormalities in the pathogenesis of Rosacea.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- LAPTM5 exacerbates STING-mediated inflammation induced by LL-37 through stabilizing STING in rosacea.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Novel Thermosensitive Hydrogel Encapsulated Carvedilol for the Treatment of Rosacea.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Macrophages in rosacea: pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Heart Failure Chronic Treatment Prior to Cardiac Transplantation on Early Outcomes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Colchicine Alleviates Rosacea by Inhibiting Neutrophil Inflammation Activated by the TLR2 Pathway.Inflammation · 2024Article
- The mechanism and application of computer-assisted full facial skin imaging systems.Skin health and disease · 2024Review
- Carvedilol induces pyroptosis through NLRP3-caspase1-ASC inflammasome by nuclear migration of NF-κB in prostate cancer models.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for rosacea.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Macrophages in inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Molecular hybridization modification improves the stability and immunomodulatory activity of TP5 peptide.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Long-Term Administration of LL-37 Can Induce Irreversible Rosacea-like Lesion.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- EGCG identified as an autophagy inducer for rosacea therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder etiologically associated with immune cells and the antibacterial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, can be effectively treated by oral carvedilol administration. Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying carvedilol efficacy in rosacea treatment. Methods: Skin samples of patients with rosacea were subjected to histopathological (hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical (CD68, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), kallikrein 5, cathelicidin, TNF-α, and IL-1β) evaluation. An Results: Rosacea skin lesions exhibited more pronounced inflammatory cell infiltration than peripheral areas, with profound macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokines (TLR2, kallikrein 5, cathelicidin, TNF-α, and IL-1β). Conclusion: Carvedilol is effective against rosacea, with inhibition of macrophage TLR2 expression as a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.