ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2021
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Linking Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical and randomized clinical evaluation of the p38α kinase inhibitor neflamapimod for basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Article
- Silymarin reverses post-traumatic stress-induced memory impairment in mice by containment of oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and modulation of neuronal caspase-3 expression.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Impaired BDNF-TrkB trafficking and signalling in Down syndrome basal forebrain neurons.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Adults with Down syndrome display altered entrainment of occipital cortical neurons.Brain communications · 2026Article
- JAK4D, a first-in-class thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, reverses scopolamine-induced memory deficits.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Advancements in Stem Cell Research for Effective Therapies Against Alzheimer's Disease: Current Investigation and Future Insight.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- From Dual Decline to Clinical Consequences: Mechanistic Pathways and Health Outcomes of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Recent Advances and Future Directions in Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Risk of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: Insights gained by multi-omics.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Maternal choline supplementation in neurodevelopmental disorders: mechanistic insights from animal models and future directions.Nutritional neuroscience · 2025Review
- The potential link between the development of Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Stem Cells as a Novel Source for Regenerative Medicinal Applications in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Dietary supplementation and the role of phytochemicals against the Alzheimer's disease: Focus on polyphenolic compounds.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Review
- Evidence that cholinergic mechanisms contribute to hyperexcitability at early stages in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in dementia · 2025Review
- Subtype-specific neurons from patient iPSCs display distinct neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2024Article
- Neocortical cholinergic pathology after neonatal brain injury is increased by Alzheimer's disease-related genes in mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Alterations in aperiodic and periodic EEG activity in young children with Down syndrome.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Relationship between Alzheimer dementia and QT interval: A meta-analysis.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is characterized by intellectual impairment at birth and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in middle age. As individuals with DS age, their cognitive functions decline as they develop AD pathology. The susceptibility to degeneration of a subset of neurons, known as basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), in DS and AD is a critical link between cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in both disorders. BFCNs are the primary source of cholinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, as well as the amygdala. They play a critical role in the processing of information related to cognitive function and are directly engaged in regulating circuits of attention and memory throughout the lifespan. Given the importance of BFCNs in attention and memory, it is not surprising that these neurons contribute to dysfunctional neuronal circuitry in DS and are vulnerable in adults with DS and AD, where their degeneration leads to memory loss and disturbance in language. BFCNs are thus a relevant cell target for therapeutics for both DS and AD but, despite some success, efforts in this area have waned. There are gaps in our knowledge of BFCN vulnerability that preclude our ability to effectively design interventions. Here, we review the role of BFCN function and degeneration in AD and DS and identify under-studied aspects of BFCN biology. The current gaps in BFCN relevant imaging studies, therapeutics, and human models limit our insight into the mechanistic vulnerability of BFCNs in individuals with DS and AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.