ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifetime air pollution exposure, cognitive deficits, and brain imaging outcomes: A systematic review.Neurotoxicology · 2023Pooled it
- Immune proteomic associations with indices of cortical development in 5-year-old children.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Feasibility, image quality, and analytic usability of mobile 64 mT ultra-low-field MRI for infant brain imaging at 3 and 12 months in southern Malawi.Journal of magnetic resonance open · 2026Article
- Practical considerations for dense longitudinal neuroimaging: Ten simple rules for frequent scanning over short time periods.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- High angular resolution diffusion imaging of neurodevelopment in children through data creation with deep learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effortful Control and Cortical Brain Structure in 5-Year-Old Children: Findings From the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Scanning Dos and Don'ts: Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Awake Children Aged 3 to 5 Years to Assess Brain Structure and Function.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Sonographic Brain Volume Growth Trajectories in VLBW and Clinical Determinants-Data from the NeoNEVS Project.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Clinical Utility of Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Critically Ill Children: An Experience from Pakistan.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Midazolam oral solution for neonatal MRI: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Awake Infants: Insights From More Than 750 Scanning Sessions.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies · 2026Article
- Advancements in intratumoral therapies for liver tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Neurodevelopmental disorders in children: the role of MRI in early detection and intervention planning.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- A size-adaptive RF coil for MRI of the pediatric human brain at 7 T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond hearing loss: exploring neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae in asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- How Technology Advances Research and Practice in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review on Early Detection, Subtype Stratification, and Intervention.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Pulmonary MRI in Newborns and Children.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
- The FinnBrain multimodal neonatal template and atlas collection.Communications biology · 2025Article
- A foundation model for enhancing magnetic resonance images and downstream segmentation, registration and diagnostic tasks.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Modality-level obstacles and initiatives to improve representation in fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging research samples.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge for pediatric scans. Consequently, in a clinical setting, sedation or general anesthesia is often used. In the research setting including healthy subjects anesthetics are not recommended for ethical reasons and potential longer-term harm. Here we review the methods used to prepare a child for an MRI scan, but also on the techniques and tools used during the scanning to enable a successful scan. Additionally, we critically evaluate how studies have reported the scanning procedure and success of scanning. We searched articles based on special subject headings from PubMed and identified 86 studies using brain MRI in healthy subjects between 0 and 6 years of age. Scan preparations expectedly depended on subject's age; infants and young children were scanned asleep after feeding and swaddling and older children were scanned awake. Comparing the efficiency of different procedures was difficult because of the heterogeneous reporting of the used methods and the success rates. Based on this review, we recommend more detailed reporting of scanning procedure to help find out which are the factors affecting the success of scanning. In the long term, this could help the research field to get high quality data, but also the clinical field to reduce the use of anesthetics. Finally, we introduce the protocol used in scanning 2 to 5-week-old infants in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, and tips for calming neonates during the scans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.