ArticleScientific reports2021
A surrogate virus neutralization test to quantify antibody-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in finger stick dried blood spot samples.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06939556 (Development of a High-throughput Serological Testing Platform for Mass Screening Purposes of Both Pediatric and Adult Cohorts), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of a High-throughput Serological Testing Platform for Mass Screening Purposes of Both Pediatric and Adult Cohorts
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 and neutralizing antibody dynamics at a remote village in Kenya before widespread COVID-19 vaccine rollout.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Antibody Levels From High-Throughput Variant-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immunoglobulin G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Neutralization Assays Correlate With COVID-19 Infection Risk in a Large Population.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- RSV Neutralizing Antibodies in Dried Blood.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Quantitating SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies from Human Dried Blood Spots.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Association of Obesity with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Relationship with the Humoral Response Prior to Vaccination in the State of Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement.Viruses · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Booster Vaccination Elicits Robust Humoral Immune Responses in Aged Mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Effect of vaccine dosing intervals on Omicron surrogate neutralization after three doses of BNT162b2.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Enhancing neutralizing antibodies against receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 by a safe natural adjuvant system.Virus research · 2023Article
- Could Prior COVID-19 Affect the Neutralizing Antibody after the Third BNT162b2 Booster Dose: A Longitudinal Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Trivalent SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Protein Vaccination Induces Broad Humoral Responses in BALB/c Mice.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunity: highlighting the potential of split nanoluciferase technology.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2022Review
- Detection of neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in dried blood spots using cell-free PCR.Nature communications · 2022Article
- COVID-19 symptom severity predicts neutralizing antibody activity in a community-based serological study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Finger stick blood test to assess postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response against variants.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2022Article
- Low Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies After Natural Infection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in a Community-Based Serological Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter host cells, and neutralizing antibodies are effective at blocking this interaction to prevent infection. Widespread application of this important marker of protective immunity is limited by logistical and technical challenges associated with live virus methods and venous blood collection. To address this gap, we validated an immunoassay-based method for quantifying neutralization of the spike-ACE2 interaction in a single drop of capillary whole blood, collected on filter paper as a dried blood spot (DBS) sample. Samples are eluted overnight and incubated in the presence of spike antigen and ACE2 in a 96-well solid phase plate. Competitive immunoassay with electrochemiluminescent label is used to quantify neutralizing activity. The following measures of assay performance were evaluated: dilution series of confirmed positive and negative samples, agreement with results from matched DBS-serum samples, analysis of results from DBS samples with known COVID-19 status, and precision (intra-assay percent coefficient of variation; %CV) and reliability (inter-assay; %CV). Dilution series produced the expected pattern of dose-response. Agreement between results from serum and DBS samples was high, with concordance correlation = 0.991. Analysis of three control samples across the measurement range indicated acceptable levels of precision and reliability. Median % surrogate neutralization was 46.9 for PCR confirmed convalescent COVID-19 samples and 0.1 for negative samples. Large-scale testing is important for quantifying neutralizing antibodies that can provide protection against COVID-19 in order to estimate the level of immunity in the general population. DBS provides a minimally-invasive, low cost alternative to venous blood collection, and this scalable immunoassay-based method for quantifying inhibition of the spike-ACE2 interaction can be used as a surrogate for virus-based assays to expand testing across a wide range of settings and populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.