ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Longer or shorter spines: Reciprocal trait evolution in stickleback via triallelic regulatory changes in
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Fish Gene Editing.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Complex Patterns of Hitchhiking Mutation Load Among Stickleback Populations.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Exploring the roles of conserved context-dependent cis-regulatory elements (cdCREs) in multicellularity, human health and disease.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Development and patterning of a highly versatile visual system in spiders.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Stc2a inhibits IGF-stimulated somatic growth in favor of organismal survival under hypoxic stress.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Conserved islands of divergence associated with adaptive variation in sockeye salmon are maintained by multiple mechanisms.Molecular ecology · 2024Article
- Genetic mechanisms of axial patterning inEvolution letters · 2024Article
- Genome-wide analysis of histone modifications can contribute to the identification of candidate cis-regulatory regions in the threespine stickleback fish.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Fine-scale contemporary recombination variation and its fitness consequences in adaptively diverging stickleback fish.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Inferring the evolution of reproductive isolation in a lineage of fossil threespine stickleback,Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Invasion genomics of lionfish in the Mediterranean Sea.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Evolution of Spatial and Temporal cis-Regulatory Divergence in Sticklebacks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Prevalent Introgression Underlies Convergent Evolution in the Diversification of Pungitius Sticklebacks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Evolution of stickleback spines through independent cis-regulatory changes at HOXDB.Nature ecology & evolution · 2022Article
- Evolution of static allometry and constraint on evolutionary allometry in a fossil stickleback.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2022Article
- Extreme intraspecific divergence in mitochondrial haplotypes makes the threespine stickleback fish an emerging evolutionary mutant model for mito-nuclear interactions.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vertebrates have repeatedly modified skeletal structures to adapt to their environments. The threespine stickleback is an excellent system for studying skeletal modifications, as different wild populations have either increased or decreased the lengths of their prominent dorsal and pelvic spines in different freshwater environments. Here we identify a regulatory locus that has a major morphological effect on the length of stickleback dorsal and pelvic spines, which we term
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.