Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34321234›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2021

Spatial clustering and contextual factors associated with hospitalisation and deaths due to COVID-19 in Sweden: a geospatial nationwide ecological study.

Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez, Per E Gustafsson, Miguel San Sebastián, Anne-Marie Fors Connolly

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Methods Used in the Spatial and Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemiology: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
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  4. Spatial Clustering for Carolina Breast Cancer Study.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Osvaldo Fonseca-RodríguezDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden osvaldo.fonseca@umu.se.ORCID 0000-0002-0253-5928
Per E GustafssonDepartment of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Miguel San SebastiánDepartment of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Anne-Marie Fors ConnollyDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-9215-4047

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn Sweden, thousands of hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19 were reported since the pandemic started. Considering the uneven spatial distribution of those severe outcomes at the municipality level, the objective of this study was, first, to identify high-risk areas for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths, and second, to determine the associated contextual factors with the uneven spatial distribution of both study outcomes in Sweden.

methodsThe existences of spatial autocorrelation of the standardised incidence (hospitalisations) ratio and standardised mortality ratio were investigated using Global Moran's

resultsTen high-risk spatial clusters of hospitalisations and six high-risk clusters of mortality were identified in Sweden from February 2020 to October 2020. The hospitalisations and deaths were associated with three contextual variables in a multivariate model: population density (inhabitants/km

conclusionsOur study identified high-risk spatial clusters for hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19 and the association of population density, the proportion of immigrants and the proportion of people aged 65+ years with those severe outcomes. Results indicate where public health measures must be reinforced to improve sustained and future disease control and optimise the distribution of resources.

Indexed as

COVID-19Cluster AnalysisHospitalizationHumansRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Spatial AnalysisSwedenCOVID-19epidemiologyother study designpublic health

Identifiers

PMID34321234
PMCPMC8322019

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.