ArticleScience advances2021
Testosterone and socioeconomic position: Mendelian randomization in 306,248 men and women in UK Biobank.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
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- BMI-Dependent Associations of the Estradiol-Linked Polymorphism rs117585797 of theLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parental Educational Attainment at Birth and Biomarkers of Male Fecundity: A Study From the Danish National Birth Cohort.Andrology · 2026Article
- BMI-Dependent Correlations of Sex Hormone Genes with Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Polymorphism of theLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Understanding the Secular Decline in Testosterone: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Clinical Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gene Polymorphisms Determining Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels and Endometriosis Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Obesity/Overweight as a Meaningful Modifier of Associations Between Gene Polymorphisms Affecting the Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Content and Uterine Myoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic Variants Linked with the Concentration of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Correlate with Uterine Fibroid Risk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of theBiology of sport · 2025Article
- Concentration and genetic regulation of sex hormone binding globulin and fracture risk in older women.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025Article
- The X chromosome's influences on the human brain.Science advances · 2025Article
- Twenty-Five Years of Evolution and Hurdles in Electronic Health Records and Interoperability in Medical Research: Comprehensive Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Review
- Adaptive Evolution of Two Distinct Adaptive Haplotypes of Neanderthal Origin at the Immunoglobulin Heavy-chain Locus in East Asian and European Populations.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Obesity-Dependent Association of the rs10454142Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Caucasian Women of Russia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sex hormone imbalance and rheumatoid arthritis in American men: a cross-sectional analysis from NHANES 2011-2016.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Effects of Statins on Cognitive Performance Are Mediated by Low-Density Lipoprotein, C-Reactive Protein, and Blood Glucose Concentrations.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Genetic analyses implicate complex links between adult testosterone levels and health and disease.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Mendelian randomization indicates causal effects of estradiol levels on kidney function in males.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Men with more advantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) have been observed to have higher levels of testosterone. It is unclear whether these associations arise because testosterone has a causal impact on SEP. In 306,248 participants of UK Biobank, we performed sex-stratified genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic variants associated with testosterone. Using the identified variants, we performed Mendelian randomization analysis of the influence of testosterone on socioeconomic position, including income, employment status, neighborhood-level deprivation, and educational qualifications; on health, including self-rated health and body mass index; and on risk-taking behavior. We found little evidence that testosterone affected socioeconomic position, health, or risk-taking. Our results therefore suggest that it is unlikely that testosterone meaningfully affects these outcomes in men or women. Differences between Mendelian randomization and multivariable-adjusted estimates suggest that previously reported associations with socioeconomic position and health may be due to residual confounding or reverse causation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.