ArticleBiology of sex differences2021
Sexual dimorphism of monocyte transcriptome in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids in older individuals with low-grade chronic inflammation.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2024Trial
- Monocyte transcriptomic profile following EPA and DHA supplementation in men and women with low-grade chronic inflammation.Atherosclerosis · 2024Trial
- Early antibiotic exposure and vaccine immune responses in preterm infants: potential sex-specific differences.Gut microbes · 2026Observational
- LPS stimulation reveals male and female dimorphism in human iPSC-derived macrophages.iScience · 2026Article
- Monocyte Dll4 Contributes to Systemic Inflammation in People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Targeting the neuro-immune axis: immunological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in male sexual dysfunction.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The impact of sex on the immune system explored at the single-cell level.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Sex shapes CD64 expression and vaccine-induced monocytic responses.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Time-dependent changes in monocyte subsets and gene expression patterns are associated with long-term recovery in patients with ischemic stroke.Research square · 2026Article
- Integrated analysis of sex differences in human dendritic cell, monocyte, and natural killer cell subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor restrains tonic cytokine responses by inhibiting microbiota sensing in monocytes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Computational tracking of cell origins using CellSexID from single-cell transcriptomes.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Integrative analysis of lung adenocarcinoma across diverse ethnicities and exposures.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Spectral immune cell profiling reveals modulations in immune cell response to repetitive inhaled organic dust exposure in a high omega-3 fatty acid mouse model.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Cellular and biochemical heterogeneity contributes to the phenotypic diversity of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Monocyte eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling differentiates 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid levels and pain.iScience · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism in immunity and longevity among the oldest old.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sex-based differences in inflammatory predictors of outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: an inverse probability weighting analysis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the immune system is evidenced by a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women and higher susceptibility to infectious diseases in men. However, the molecular basis of these sex-based differences is not fully understood. We have characterized the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood monocytes from males and postmenopausal females with chronic low-grade inflammation. We identified 41 sexually differentially expressed genes [adjusted p value (FDR) < 0.1], including genes involved in immune cell activation (e.g., CEACAM1, FCGR2B, and SLAMF7) and antigen presentation (e.g., AIM2, CD1E, and UBA1) with a higher expression in females than males. Moreover, signaling pathways of immune or inflammatory responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling [z-score = 2.45, -log(p) = 3.88], were found to be more upregulated in female versus male monocytes, based on a set of genes exhibiting sex-biased expression (p < 0.03). The contribution of IFN signaling to the sexual transcriptional differences was further confirmed by direct comparisons of the monocyte sex-biased genes with IFN signature genes (ISGs) that were previously curated in mouse macrophages. ISGs showed a greater overlap with female-biased genes than male-biased genes and a higher overall expression in female than male monocytes, particularly for the genes of antiviral and inflammatory responses to IFN. Given the role of IFN in immune defense and autoimmunity, our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in immune functions may be associated with more priming of innate immune pathways in female than male monocytes. These findings highlight the role of sex on the human immune transcriptome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.