Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34320657›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2021

Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Lineage-Specific Regulatory Evolution across Primate and Rodent Placentae.

Ming-An Sun, Gernot Wolf, Yejun Wang, Anna D Senft, Sherry Ralls, Jinpu Jin, Caitlin E Dunn-Fletcher, Louis J Muglia, Todd S Macfarlan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. The molecular evolution of vertebrate organs.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026
    Review
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  18. Endogenous retrovirus HERVH-derived lncRNAProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ming-An SunThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4661-3027
Gernot WolfThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yejun WangSchool of Basic Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
Anna D SenftThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sherry RallsThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jinpu JinThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Caitlin E Dunn-FletcherDivision of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Louis J MugliaDivision of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Todd S MacfarlanThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USShenzhen University Health Science Center · CN

Funding

Mechanisms of Mammalian Epigenome ReprogrammingZIAHD008933 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI MACFARLAN, TODD SCOTT · 2013 to 2025
$19.1M
Harnessing "omics": A Systems Biology approach to discovery of biologicalpathways in placental development and parturitionR01HD091527 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI BALONI, PRIYANKA, JONES, HELEN N · 2017 to 2021
$2.7M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD091527
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In mammals, the placenta mediates maternal-fetal nutrient and waste exchange and acts in an immunomodulatory way to facilitate maternal-fetal tolerance. The placenta is highly diverse across mammalian species, yet the molecular mechanisms that distinguish the placenta of human from other mammals are not fully understood. Using an interspecies transcriptomic comparison of human, macaque, and mouse late-gestation placentae, we identified hundreds of genes with lineage-specific expression-including dozens that are placentally enriched and potentially related to pregnancy. We further annotated the enhancers for different human tissues using epigenomic data and demonstrate that the placenta and chorion are unique in that their enhancers display the least conservation. We identified numerous lineage-specific human placental enhancers and found they highly overlap with specific families of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), including MER21A, MER41A/B, and MER39B that were previously linked to immune response and placental function. Among these ERV families, we further demonstrate that MER41A/B insertions create dozens of lineage-specific serum response factor-binding loci in human, including one adjacent to FBN2, a placenta-specific gene with increased expression in humans that produces the peptide hormone placensin to stimulate glucose secretion and trophoblast invasion. Overall, our results demonstrate the prevalence of lineage-specific placental enhancers which are frequently associated with ERV insertions and likely facilitate the lineage-specific evolution of the mammalian placenta.

Indexed as

Endogenous RetrovirusesAnimalsFemaleMicePlacentaPregnancyPrimatesRodentiaTrophoblastsendogenous retrovirusMER41placenta evolutionregulatory elementserum response factortranscription

Identifiers

PMID34320657
PMCPMC8557419
OpenAlexW3184922706

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.