Relations Among Gambling Behavior, Associated Problems, Game Type, and Risk Factors in a Rural, African American, Adolescent Sample.

Problem gambling is a rising concern among adolescent populations; youth gamble more frequently than adults, and those who gamble are more susceptible than adults to maladaptive outcomes. Research shows that gambling problems are exacerbated among minorities, despite lower rates of gambling frequency. Minority youth are at especially high risk for problematic gambling outcomes, though they have not been widely studied. The objectives of this study were to (a) investigate gambling frequency and rates of associated problems among rural, African American youth, (b) examine risk factors associated with gambling problems, and (c) explore preferences for game type. Hypotheses were tested with survey data from 270 African American youth from rural communities in Georgia, ages 14-17. Past-year gambling prevalence was 38% (48% of males and 28% of females), and 30% of those who gambled (11% of the total sample) reported at least one problem behavior associated with gambling. Confirmatory factor analysis established a distinction between games of skill versus luck. Gambling problems were associated with skill games, and youth played skill games more than luck games. Substance use and anger scores predicted gambling frequency, and gambling frequency predicted gambling problems. Depression scores provided no predictive utility. Poverty status was negatively associated with skill gambling, and there was no association between poverty status and luck gambling. Males gambled more frequently, had more gambling problems, and were more likely to engage in skill gambling relative to females.