ArticleJournal of virology2021
IFITM Proteins That Restrict the Early Stages of Respiratory Virus Infection Do Not Influence Late-Stage Replication.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed antiviral immune response in alveolar type 2 cells increases susceptibility to influenza virus in alveoli.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- IFITM1 and IFITM3 cooperate to restrict virus entry in endolysosomes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- IFN-gene signatures in B cells following influenza A and B virus infection and influenza vaccination.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- IFITM1 as a modulator of surfaceome dynamics and aggressive phenotype in cervical cancer cells.Oncology reports · 2025Article
- Article
- IFITM1 and IFITM3 cooperate to restrict virus entry in endolysosomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Progress in Pseudotyping Lentiviral Vectors Towards Cell-Specific Gene Delivery In Vivo.Viruses · 2025Review
- Chicken interferon-induced transmembrane proteins inhibit Newcastle disease virus infection by affecting viral entry and W protein expression.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Exploring Clinical and Imaging Differences in COVID-19: an Observational Approach to the IFITM3 rs12252 Polymorphism.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Meeting report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Mouse guanylate-binding proteins of the chromosome 3 cluster do not mediate antiviral activity in vitro or in mouse models of infection.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles.Vaccines · 2024Review
- The Antiviral Activity of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins and Virus Evasion Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
- TRIM16 Overexpression in HEK293T Cells Results in Cell Line-Specific Antiviral Activity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Caveats of Using Overexpression Approaches to Screen Cellular Host IFITM Proteins for Antiviral Activity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Differential Leukocyte Expression ofJournal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022Article
- Comparing the Cytokine Storms of COVID-19 and Pandemic Influenza.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022Article
- Article
- Mouse Mx1 Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genomic Replication and Late Gene ExpressionJournal of virology · 2022Article
- Positive Regulation of the Antiviral Activity of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 by S-Palmitoylation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins inhibit a broad range of enveloped viruses by blocking entry into host cells. We used an inducible overexpression system to investigate if IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 could modulate early and/or late stages of influenza A virus (IAV) or parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) infection in human A549 airway epithelial cells. IAV and PIV-3 represent respiratory viruses which utilize distinct cellular entry pathways. We verify entry by endocytosis for IAV, whereas PIV-3 infection was consistent with fusion at the plasma membrane. Following induction prior to infection, all three IFITM proteins restricted the percentage of IAV-infected cells at 8 hours postinfection. In contrast, prior induction of IFITM1 and IFITM2 did not inhibit PIV-3 infection, although a modest reduction was observed with IFITM3. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of endogenous IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 expression, in the presence or absence of pretreatment with type I interferon, resulted in increased IAV, but not PIV-3, infection. This finding suggests that while all three IFITMs display antiviral activity against IAV, they do not restrict the early stages of PIV-3 infection. IAV and PIV-3 infection culminates in viral egress through budding at the plasma membrane. Inducible expression of IFITM1, IFITM2, or IFITM3 immediately after infection did not impact titers of infectious virus released from IAV- or PIV-3-infected cells. Our findings show that IFITM proteins differentially restrict the early stages of infection of two respiratory viruses with distinct cellular entry pathways but do not influence the late stages of replication for either virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.