Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34318744›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

Single-cell analysis of mosquito hemocytes identifies signatures of immune cell subtypes and cell differentiation.

Hyeogsun Kwon, Mubasher Mohammed, Oscar Franzén, Johan Ankarklev, Ryan C Smith

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Single-cell insights: Mosquito Toll activation enhances granulocyte differentiation and immune surveillance via Notch suppression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Hyeogsun Kwon *Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-4061
Mubasher Mohammed *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Oscar FranzénIntegrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0812
Johan AnkarklevDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ryan C SmithDepartment of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-2265
Iowa State University · USStockholm University · SEUppsala University · SE

Funding

Eicosanoid regulation of mosquito innate immunityR21AI144705 · NIAID · IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, RYAN C. · 2019 to 2020
$421k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI144705
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mosquito immune cells, known as hemocytes, are integral to cellular and humoral responses that limit pathogen survival and mediate immune priming. However, without reliable cell markers and genetic tools, studies of mosquito immune cells have been limited to morphological observations, leaving several aspects of their biology uncharacterized. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize mosquito immune cells, demonstrating an increased complexity to previously defined prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and granulocyte subtypes. Through functional assays relying on phagocytosis, phagocyte depletion, and RNA-FISH experiments, we define markers to accurately distinguish immune cell subtypes and provide evidence for immune cell maturation and differentiation. In addition, gene-silencing experiments demonstrate the importance of lozenge in defining the mosquito oenocytoid cell fate. Together, our scRNA-seq analysis provides an important foundation for future studies of mosquito immune cell biology and a valuable resource for comparative invertebrate immunology.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnophelesCell DifferentiationDrosophilaFemaleGene SilencingHemocytesImmunity, InnateMalariaMosquito VectorsPhagocytesSequence Analysis, RNASingle-Cell AnalysisAnopheles gambiaecellular immunitygeneticsgenomicshemocytesimmunologyinflammationsingle-cell rna-seq

Identifiers

PMID34318744
PMCPMC8376254
OpenAlexW3183754746

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.