Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34318630›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2021

Exosomal TUBB3 mRNA expression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: Association with patient outcome under abiraterone.

Sha Zhu, Yuchao Ni, Guangxi Sun, Zilin Wang, Junru Chen, Xingming Zhang, Jinge Zhao, Xudong Zhu, Jindong Dai, Zhenhua Liu and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Liquid biopsy in bladder cancer: towards precision oncology.Journal of translational medicine · 2026
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  4. The Etiology of Moebius Syndrome-Making the Case for Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sha ZhuDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1152-2536
Yuchao NiDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Guangxi SunDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zilin WangDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Junru ChenDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xingming ZhangDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jinge ZhaoDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xudong ZhuDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jindong DaiDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhenhua LiuDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jiayu LiangDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Haoran ZhangDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yaowen ZhangDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Pengfei ShenDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hao ZengDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0818-8151
Sichuan University · CN

Funding

1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University 0040205301E21China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2020M673239National Natural Science Foundation of China 81902577National Natural Science Foundation of China 81974398
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo use ddPCR to quantify plasma exosomal class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin, TUBB3, encoded by the TUBB3 gene) mRNA expression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, and study the association of this expression with abiraterone efficacy.

methodsBlood samples were prospectively collected from 52 mCRPC patients using abiraterone as first-line therapy to measure plasma exosomal TUBB3 mRNA expression value before the initiation of abiraterone. Study endpoints were PSA response rate, PSA-progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), and overall survival (OS, from CRPC to death).

resultsPatients with positive exosomal TUBB3 expression showed shorter PSA-PFS (negative TUBB3 vs. positive TUBB3: 11.0 vs. 7.9 months; p = 0.014). Further analysis demonstrated that patients with strongly positive exosomal TUBB3 (>20 copies/20 µl) was associated with even shorter PSA-PFS (negative TUBB3 vs. positive TUBB3 [<20 copies/20 µl] vs. strongly positive TUBB3 [>20 copies/20 µl]: 11.0 vs. 8.3 vs. 3.6 months, p = 0.005). In multivariate analyzes, TUBB3 (+) (HR: 2.114, p = 0.033) and ECOG score >2 (HR: 3.039, p = 0.006) were independent prognosticators of poor PSA-PFS. PSA response and OS did not present significant differences.

conclusionThe exosomal TUBB3 mRNA expression level is associated with poor PSA-PFS of abiraterone in mCRPC patients. The detection of exosomal TUBB3 can be valuable in their management.

Indexed as

AgedAndrostenesBiomarkers, TumorDrug Resistance, NeoplasmExosomesGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansKallikreinsMaleProgression-Free SurvivalProspective StudiesProstate-Specific AntigenProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantRisk AssessmentRNA, MessengerTubulinabirateroneAndrostenesBiomarkers, TumorKallikreinsKLK3 protein, humanProstate-Specific AntigenRNA, MessengerTUBB3 protein, humanTubulinabiraterone acetateexosomesmessengerprostatic neoplasmsRNATUBB3

Identifiers

PMID34318630
PMCPMC8446399
OpenAlexW3183660675

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.