ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2022
Prenatal caffeine exposure: association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 9- to 11-year-old children.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Offspring Health: Current Evidence on Dietary Patterns, Microbiota, and Developmental Programming.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Prenatal and early-life determinants of neurodevelopment: A decade of discoveries and new directions in ABCD.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Sleep Motives and Expectancies for Cannabis Use in Pregnancy.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and Caffeine Metabolism: Updated Insights and Implications for Maternal-Fetal Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Linking pregnancy- and birth-related risk factors to a multivariate fusion of child cortical structure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Linking Pregnancy- and Birth-Related Risk Factors to a Multivariate Fusion of Child Cortical Structure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Risk Assessment of Maladaptive Behaviors in Adolescents: Nutrition, Screen Time, Prenatal Exposure, Childhood Adversities - Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of tea and coffee consumption during pregnancy on children's cognitive development.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Sex-at-Birth and Age Analyses of Cortical Structure in the ABCD Study.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Prenatal substance exposure and child health: Understanding the role of environmental factors, genetics, and brain development.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Microbiota-indole 3-propionic acid-brain axis mediates abnormal synaptic pruning of hippocampal microglia and susceptibility to ASD in IUGR offspring.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Energy drinks at adolescence: Awareness or unawareness?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Editorial: Alcohol and energy drinks: is this a really good mix?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Impairment of adenosine signaling disrupts early embryo development: unveiling the underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the widespread use of caffeine including consumption during pregnancy, the effect of prenatal caffeine exposure on child brain development and behavior is unclear.
methodsTo address this, we used data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (n = 11,875 children aged 9-11 years from 22 sites across the United States). We explored the associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and various developmental outcomes including birth outcomes, physical health, behavior problems, cognition, substance use and brain structure in children, and evaluated dose effects.
resultsAmong 9,978 children (4,745 females) who had valid data for prenatal caffeine exposure and whose mothers did not use drugs of abuse after knowing of pregnancy, 4,170 (41.79%) had no prenatal caffeine exposure, 2,292 (22.97%) had daily, 1,933 (19.37%) had weekly, and 1,583 (15.86%) had less than weekly exposures. Prenatal caffeine exposure including the widely recommended 'safe' dose was associated with greater externalizing problems, whereas greater BMI and soda consumption were only observed in children with high dose exposures (3+ per day). Notably, the effect size for association of externalizing problems with prenatal caffeine exposure was comparable with that reported for prenatal alcohol (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 2020 and 1060) and prenatal cannabis (JAMA Psychiatry, 78, 2020 and 64) exposures from previous ABCD publications. Additionally, prenatal caffeine exposure was associated with brain structural changes that included greater posterior and lower frontal cortical thickness and altered parietooccipital sulcal depth.
conclusionsThe recommended 'safe' dose of caffeine during pregnancy should be carefully studied to assess whether the behavioral and brain correlates observed here are clinically relevant and determine whether it needs adjustment. Because of the high prevalence of caffeine use in the general population, studies on prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse should include prenatal caffeine use as a covariate.
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