ReviewWorld journal of critical care medicine2021
Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in critical illness: A narrative review.
Review in World journal of critical care medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corticosteroid Usage in Modeling Gulf War Illness in Pre-Clinical Models: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Use of corticosteroids in sepsis and infectious diseases: a narrative review.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Etomidate Is Associated with Higher 30-Day Mortality than Ketamine for Emergency Intubation of COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Expression of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Offspring of Mothers Experiencing Chronic Stress during Pregnancy.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Exploring pharmacological strategies in the management of ARDS: Efficacy, limitations, and future directions.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2025Review
- Diabetes Mellitus in Non-Functioning Adrenal Incidentalomas: Analysis of the Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) Impact on Glucose Profile.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Interaction of Vasopressin with Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: The Significance for Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Increased sodium fluorescein transport by corticosteroids is inhibited by a LAT-1 specific inhibitor in retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) gene expression in muscle is linked to reduced skeletal muscle index in sarcopenic patients.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism and acquired renal aldosterone resistance with hyperkalemic type IV renal tubular acidosis in 2 cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are members of the steroid receptor superfamily of hormone-dependent transcription factors. The receptors are structurally and functionally related. They are localized in the cytosol and translocate into the nucleus after ligand binding. GCRs and MRs can be co-expressed within the same cell, and it is believed that the balance in GCR and MR expression is crucial for homeostasis and plays a key role in normal adaptation. In critical illness, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is activated, and as a consequence, serum cortisol concentrations are high. However, a number of patients exhibit relatively low cortisol levels for the degree of illness severity. Glucocorticoid (GC) actions are facilitated by GCR, whose dysfunction leads to GC tissue resistance. The MR is unique in this family in that it binds to both aldosterone and cortisol. Endogenous GCs play a critical role in controlling inflammatory responses in critical illness. Intracellular GC concentrations can differ greatly from blood levels due to the action of the two 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes, type 1 and type 2. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases interconvert endogenous active cortisol and intrinsically inert cortisone. The degree of expression of the two isozymes has the potential to dramatically influence local GC availability within cells and tissues. In this review, we will explore the clinical studies that aimed to elucidate the role of MR and GCR expression in the inflammatory response seen in critical illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.