ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2021
Improving clinical outcomes through attention to sex and hormones in research.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Specific Responses to Intermittent Fasting: A Narrative Review Across Physiological, Clinical, and Psychosocial Contexts.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Redesigning medicine: integrating sex and gender for better health outcomes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Adverse Events Associated with HER2 Inhibitors Approved for Breast Cancer Using the FDA Adverse Event Report System (FAERS).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A semi-empirical Bayes approach for calibrating weak instrumental bias in sex-specific Mendelian randomization studies.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Weight Loss Differentially Impacts Sex Hormones in Women and Men With Type 2 Diabetes: Look AHEAD Sex Hormone Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- SLC7A11 as a therapeutic target to attenuate phthalates-driven testosterone level decline in mice.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Four dimensions of individualization in brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: context, target, dose, and timing.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Callus organoids reveal distinct cartilage to bone transition mechanisms across donors and a role for biological sex.Bone research · 2025Article
- Chronic Sleep Deprivation Causes Anxiety, Depression and Impaired Gut Barrier in Female Mice-Correlation Analysis from Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Sex as a biological variable in ageing: insights and perspectives on the molecular and cellular hallmarks.Open biology · 2024Review
- Key role of adsorption site abundance in the direct electrochemical co-detection of estradiol and dopamine.Discover nano · 2024Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials: Enhancing the Path to Personalised Medicine.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Reporting outcome comparisons by sex in oncology clinical trials.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis.Bone research · 2024Review
- Associations between Waist Circumference and Sex Steroid Hormones in US Adult Men: Cross-Sectional Findings from the NHANES 2013-2016.International journal of endocrinology · 2024Article
- Consideration of sex differences is necessary to achieve health equity.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Article
- The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER in health and disease: an update.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biological sex, fluctuations in sex steroid hormones throughout life and gender as a social construct all influence every aspect of health and disease. Yet, for decades, most basic and clinical studies have included only male individuals. As modern health care moves towards personalized medicine, it is clear that considering sex and hormonal status in basic and clinical studies will bring precision to the development of novel therapeutics and treatment paradigms. To this end, funding, regulatory and policy agencies now require inclusion of female animals and women in basic and clinical studies. However, inclusion of female animals and women often does not mean that information regarding potential hormonal interactions with pharmacological treatments or clinical outcomes is available. All sex steroid hormones can interact with receptors for drug targets, metabolism and transport. Genetic variation in receptors or in enzymatic function might contribute to sex differences in therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Outcomes from clinical trials are often not reported by sex, and, if the data are available, they are not translated into clinical practice guidelines. This Review will provide a historical perspective for the current state of research related to hormone trials and provide concrete strategies that, if implemented, will improve the health of all people.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.