ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2022
Immune-related toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms and mitigation strategies.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clinical value of adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to radiotherapy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Haematological toxicities with immune checkpoint inhibitors in digestive system tumors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatitis and ICI rechallenge: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Hepatology communications · 2024Pooled it
- Immune-related serious adverse events with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- A Single Dose Study of Pembrolizumab in People With HIV Infection Who are Immunologic Nonresponders.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Tislelizumab plus zanubrutinib for Richter transformation: the phase 2 RT1 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Type 3 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: What Do We Know So Far?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- ApolipoproteinEiScience · 2026Article
- Risk factors for immune-related adverse events associated with pembrolizumab in patients with solid tumors.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeted Cepharanthine-Mediated Dual-Pathway Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy Rechallenge in HCC: A Second Chance for Response?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- A barrier-crossing and immune checkpoint-blocking antibody fusion protein for enhanced glioma-targeted immunotherapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Sequential fulminant hepatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by tislelizumab: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- AI-driven dual-task prediction model for co-stratifying efficacy and toxicity in NSCLC immunotherapy.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Anti-PD1-IL18 immunoconjugate promotes effector T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Oncolytic virus with an immune stimulatory payload for osteosarcoma therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Primary adrenal insufficiency induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): a case series and systematic literature review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Hematologic toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: real-world burden and risk profiles from a five-year cohort from the Middle East.BMC cancer · 2026Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune-related adverse events associated with treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors result in significant morbidity for patients as well as considerable cost to the health-care system, and can limit the use of these beneficial drugs. Understanding the mechanisms of these side effects and how they can be separated from the antitumour effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as identifying biomarkers that predict the development of immune-related toxicities, will facilitate the conduct of trials to limit their onset and improve patient outcomes. In this Review, we discuss the different types of immune-related adverse events and how their treatment and identification of possible predictive biomarkers may shed light on their mechanisms, and describe possible strategies and targets for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention to mitigate them.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.