Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34315930›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Correlation between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes using non-negative matrix factorization.

Yeonwoo Chung, Hyunju Lee, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. New Genetic Associations Between Alzheimer's Disease and Its Key Risk Factors.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2026
    Article
  2. The Variant T Allele ofBiomolecules · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 20 institutions in 5 countries.

Yeonwoo ChungSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.
Hyunju LeeSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea. hyunjulee@gist.ac.kr.
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Alzheimer's Association · USWashington University in St. Louis · USMayo Clinic in Arizona · USLAC+USC Medical Center · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Rochester Medical Center · USNorthwestern University · USSt Joseph's Health Care · CAUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USIndiana University Bloomington · USNew York University · USUCLA Medical Center · USBerkeley College · USBrown University · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Kentucky · USSt Joseph's Health Centre · CABaylor College of Medicine · USDartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center · US

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD)U24AG021886 · NIA · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI TATIANA M. FOROUD · 2002 to 2026
$119.8M
Research Education CoreP30AG066462 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Andrew Franklin Teich · 2020 to 2026
$30.1M
Integrating Neuroimaging, Multi-omics, and Clinical Data in Complex DiseaseR01LM012535 · NLM · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI NHO, KWANGSIK TIMOTHY · 2017 to 2021
$1.7M
Neurogenesis in Adult Brain: Gene Networks and Alzheimer’s DiseaseR03AG054936 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI NHO, KWANGSIK TIMOTHY · 2017 to 2018
$145k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462NIA NIH HHS R03 AG054936NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIA NIH HHS U24 AG021886NLM NIH HHS R01 LM012535
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be affected by various genetic factors. Although the cause of AD is not yet known and there is no treatment to cure this disease, its progression can be delayed. AD has recently been recognized as a brain-specific type of diabetes called type 3 diabetes. Several studies have shown that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a higher risk of developing AD. Therefore, it is important to identify subgroups of patients with AD that may be more likely to be associated with T2D. We here describe a new approach to identify the correlation between AD and T2D at the genetic level. Subgroups of AD and T2D were each generated using a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) approach, which generated clusters containing subsets of genes and samples. In the gene cluster that was generated by conventional gene clustering method from NMF, we selected genes with significant differences in the corresponding sample cluster by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-test. Subsequently, we extracted differentially expressed gene (DEG) subgroups, and candidate genes with the same regulation direction can be extracted at the intersection of two disease DEG subgroups. Finally, we identified 241 candidate genes that represent common features related to both AD and T2D, and based on pathway analysis we propose that these genes play a role in the common pathological features of AD and T2D. Moreover, in the prediction of AD using logistic regression analysis with an independent AD dataset, the candidate genes obtained better prediction performance than DEGs. In conclusion, our study revealed a subgroup of patients with AD that are associated with T2D and candidate genes associated between AD and T2D, which can help in providing personalized and suitable treatments.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsAlzheimer DiseaseBrainCluster AnalysisDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gene Expression RegulationHumans

Identifiers

PMID34315930
PMCPMC8316581
OpenAlexW3184117872

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.