ReviewNPJ vaccines2021
Vaccination as a preventative measure contributing to immune fitness.
Review in NPJ vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06341374 (Impact of Sleep Disorders on Innate Immunity in COVID-19 Patients. A Cohort Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Sleep Disorders on Innate Immunity in COVID-19 Patients. A Cohort Study
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between vaccinations and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Engineered nanovaccines for prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapy against cancer and infectious disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Immunofitness in the elderly: The role of vaccination in promoting healthy aging.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- From genes to environment: A life-course approach to prevent pediatric autoimmune diseases.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- A Healthy Lifestyle Can Slow Immune System Aging and Reduce Age-Related Chronic Inflammation: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Vaccination Coverage of Greek Adults Aged ≥60 Years in a Primary Health Care Setting in Relation to Lifestyle Factors and Health Care Services Utilization.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Residential Greenness and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Following COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association between shingles vaccination and slower biological aging: evidence from a US population-based cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- An Overview of the Effects of Exercise on Viral Infection in Obesity: Recent Advances and Potential Mechanisms.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current pipeline and new opportunities.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Prevalence and determinants of child immunization coverage in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2019 mini-demographic and health survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Age-related changes in the immune system and challenges for the development of age-specific vaccines.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Immunoinformatics-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design AgainstHealth science reports · 2025Article
- Routine immunisation coverage in the context of seasonal influenza vaccine introduction for children in Nakuru and Mombasa counties in Kenya, 2019-21: an observational study.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Observational
- Proinflammatory Cytokines, Type I Interferons, and Specialized Proresolving Mediators Hallmark the Influence of Vaccination and Marketing on Backgrounded Beef Cattle.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Potential Protective Effect of Hepatitis B Immunity Against Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The primary goal of vaccination is the prevention of pathogen-specific infection. The indirect consequences may include maintenance of homeostasis through prevention of infection-induced complications; trained immunity that re-programs innate cells to respond more efficiently to later, unrelated threats; slowing or reversing immune senescence by altering the epigenetic clock, and leveraging the pool of memory B and T cells to improve responses to new infections. Vaccines may exploit the plasticity of the immune system to drive longer-term immune responses that promote health at a broader level than just the prevention of single, specific infections. In this perspective, we discuss the concept of "immune fitness" and how to potentially build a resilient immune system that could contribute to better health. We argue that vaccines may contribute positively to immune fitness in ways that are only beginning to be understood, and that life-course vaccination is a fundamental tool for achieving healthy aging.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.