ArticleBMJ open2021
Prevalence, pattern and determinants of chronic disease multimorbidity in Nepal: secondary analysis of a national survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Barriers, Enablers and Strategies for the Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Nepal: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Awareness and factors associated with routine medical checkups for non-communicable diseases among adults in Gondar City, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Near visual impairment and its associated factors among adult diabetic patients at Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic differences in prevalence and patterns of non-communicable disease multimorbidity and its impact on depression in rural Southwest China.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence, combination patterns, and quality of life factors of multimorbidity among older adults in southern China based on the health ecological model.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Functional Status and Comorbidities in Older Patient Attending Outpatient in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Observational
- Exploring ways to support patients with noncommunicable diseases: A pilot study in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Trends and determinants of clustering for non-communicable disease risk factors in women of reproductive age in Nepal.PloS one · 2024Article
- Global and regional prevalence of multimorbidity in the adult population in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients in Adare General Hospital, Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia, 2023.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Patterns and Determinants of Multimorbidity in Older Adults: Study in Health-Ecological Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Social determinants of health and the double burden of disease in Nepal: a secondary analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of multimorbidity and its correlates among older adults in Eastern Nepal.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Relationship Between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Diseases in Rural Population: Management Plays an Important Role in the Link.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Need for HTA supported risk factor screening for hypertension and diabetes in Nepal: A systematic scoping review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Chronic morbidity levels and associated factors among older adults in western Nepal: A cross-sectional study.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityArticle
- Epidemiology of multimorbidity in Nepal: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the prevalence, pattern and determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) multimorbidity in Nepal.
designSecondary analysis of the data from the NCD survey 2018, which was conducted between 2016 and 2018.
settingThe data belong to the nationally representative survey, that selected the study samples from throughout Nepal using multistage cluster sampling.
participants8931 participants aged 20 years and older were included in the study. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: NCD multimorbidity (occurrence of two or more chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and cancer). Descriptive statistics, prevalence ratio and odds ratio were computed to assess pattern and determinants of multimorbidity.
resultsMean (SD) age was 46.7 years (14.9 years). The majority of the participants were women (57.8%), without formal education (53.4%) and from urban areas (51.5%). Multimorbidity was present in 13.96% (95% CI: 12.9% to 15.1%). Hypertension and diabetes coexisted in 5.7%. Age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) level and rural-urban setting were significantly associated with multimorbidity.
conclusionMultimorbidity was prevalent in particular groups or geographical areas in Nepal suggesting a need for coordinated and integrated NCD care approach for the management of multiplicative co-comorbid conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.