Trial reportJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2021
Proprioceptive elbow training reduces pain and improves function in painful lateral epicondylitis-a prospective trial.
Trial report in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon repair is necessary for arthroscopic treatment of refractory lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: a prospective randomized comparative study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- Assessment of Elbow Proprioception with Inertial Measurement Units-Validity and Reliability Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impaired cervical proprioception in patients with lateral epicondylitis: a case-control study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Autologous Peripheral Blood-Derived Orthobiologics for the Management of Elbow Disorders: A Review of Current Clinical Evidence.Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Effects of proprioceptive exercise for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Review
- Optimizing continuous passive motion duration following arthroscopic release of elbow contracture: a retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Limb Preservation and Functional Reconstruction after Complete Amputation and Replantation of the Upper Arm and Thigh.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Comparing position sense and isokinetic strength of the muscles of elbow joint between aikidokas and non-athlete people.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn painful epicondylitis, previous studies reported deficiencies in elbow proprioception. In line, proprioceptive training of the lower limb has been reported substantial beneficial in a number of indications. Therefore, we have asked if a specified proprioceptive training using training devices that are capable of activating the deep musculature in the upper limb is able to reduce the symptoms of epicondylitis. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe included 71 patients with painful lateral epicondylitis > 3 months.
interventionsGroup A: Proprioceptive training intervention with a Flexibar® (9 min daily for 12 weeks). Group B: at least 40 min running or walking/week with the XCO® in addition to the proprioceptive training with the Flexibar® (9 min daily for 12 weeks), follow-up for 12 weeks. Primary end point: Pain on visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-10); secondary end points: DASH-Score (0 = very good, 100 = very poor), grip strength according to Jamar dynamometer (kg), vibration sensation measured with a 128 Hz tuning fork.
resultsThe pain on VAS in group A was reduced significantly. 3.6 ± 2.0 to 2.4 ± 2.1 (-33%, p = 0.013), and from 3.7 ± 2.4 to 2.2 ± 1.9 (-41%, p = 0.004) in group B after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between A and B (p = 0.899). In both groups, there was a significant improvement of the DASH-Score (A: 32 ± 15 to 14 ± 12, -56%, p < 0.001; B: 27 ± 12 to 12 ± 11, -55%, p = 0.001) without any difference between groups A and B (p = 0.339). Grip strength improvement in group A from 24 ± 12 to 33 ± 11 kg (+38%, p < 0.001), and from 29 ± 14 to 34 ± 11 kg (+15%, p < 0.001) in group B. In line, vibration sensation improved in both groups (A: 6.3 ± 0.6 to 6.5 ± 0.5, p = 0.0001; B: 6.3 ± 0.7 to 6.6 ± 0.5, p = 0.003).
conclusionA 12-week proprioceptive training with the Flexibar® improves pain, quality of life, grip strength and vibration sensation in patients with painful lateral epicondylitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Ib, randomised clinical trial
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00024857 , registered on 25 March 2021-retrospectively registered, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.