Trial reportInternational journal for equity in health2021
Breastfeeding counseling based on formative research at primary healthcare Services in Mexico.
Trial report in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutritional counseling strategies in breastfeeding: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Strengthening breastfeeding counseling through a two-phase training and implementation intervention in Ecuador's local healthcare system.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Parent-Reported Measures of Weight-Related Health Behaviors in Early Childhood: A Scoping Review.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Breastfeeding Interventions and Programs Conducted Across Spanish-Speaking Countries.Health promotion practice · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Associated Factors among Mothers in Karongi District, Rwanda.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2023Article
- Unconditional cash transfers for breastfeeding women in the Mexican informal workforce: Time for social justice.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Interventions and policy approaches to promote equity in breastfeeding.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding rates in Mexico are far from World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations with 28.8% of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) under 6 months of age, according to the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Formative research has shown that culturally appropriate counseling is an effective breastfeeding intervention. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of interpersonal counseling on EBF in a primary healthcare center in Tijuana, México.
methodsThis was a randomized controlled trial pilot with a sample of mothers with infants under 4 months of age from a primary care center. Participants were randomized into two groups: 1) Control group, received counseling on immunizations and standard infant feeding information, and 2) Intervention group, receiving breastfeeding counseling using a socio-ecological framework. Changes in breastfeeding attitudes, self-efficacy and EBF were evaluated at 2 months post-intervention.
resultsA total of 80 mothers completed the 2 month follow up assessment (40 in each group). The mean age at baseline was 26.4 years for mothers and 1.4 months for infants. There was a 30% increase in EBF at 2 months follow up in the intervention group and 15% decrease in the control group post-intervention. We observed a significant improvement in breastfeeding attitudes (P = 0.0001), self-efficacy (P = 0.046) and EBF (P = 0.0001) in the intervention group. Reported obstacles were discomfort of breastfeeding in public (23%), infant dissatisfaction (23%), pain (19%), insufficient milk supply (15%) and returning to work (8%).
conclusionsBreastfeeding counseling based on previous formative research improved breastfeeding attitudes, self-efficacy and practices in this population. These findings suggest that the promotion of breastfeeding utilizing a socio-ecological framework may improve breastfeeding rates by addressing the needs of women within their varying sociocultural contexts.
trial registrationACTRN: ACTRN12621000915853 . Retrospectively registered.
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