ArticleChild neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence2022
Nonverbal cognitive assessment of children in Tanzania with and without HIV.
Article in Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Central auditory testing in young Tanzanian children: feasibility and relationship to cognition.International journal of audiology · 2026Article
- Harnessing machine learning with auditory tests and demographic factors to forecast children's reading abilities in children living with and without HIV.BioData mining · 2026Article
- Central auditory tests reveal deficits in HIV treatment.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The relationship between HIV and reading performance for children in Tanzania.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Central auditory processing is altered after traumatic brain injury in Tanzanian adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment in children and adolescents living with perinatal HIV disease in the ART era: a meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Central auditory test performance predicts future neurocognitive function in children living with and without HIV.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The effect of second language acquisition on central auditory processing abilities and its interaction with HIV.Frontiers in language sciences · 2024Article
- Peripheral Auditory Function in Tanzanian Children Living With HIV With Clinically Normal Hearing.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Children living with HIV can experience cognitive difficulties. Most neuropsychological tests have been constructed in Western languages, meaning they may not be appropriate for use in non-Western settings. To address this, we used an entirely nonverbal measure of cognitive ability in a sub-Saharan African sample. For this cross-sectional analysis, 316 children (162 HIV+ and 154 HIV-, ages 3-9) completed the Leiter-3 as part of a larger study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Statistical tests included analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression to account for environmental variables. HIV+ children performed worse than HIV - controls on two composite scores: Nonverbal IQ (p < .001) and Processing Speed (p < 0.001). Similar trends were observed on core subtests. Multiple linear regression models revealed that age, socioeconomic status, and school attendance predicted all Leiter-3 test composites. Critically, the addition of HIV status to the models improved prediction of Nonverbal IQ (∆R
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