ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Predictors of having naloxone in urban and rural Oregon findings from NHBS and the OR-HOPE study.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Witnessed overdose history and response among overdose survivors who use non-prescribed opioids in an overdose prevention trial.Addictive behaviors · 2026Trial
- History of Naloxone Possession Among Rural and Urban Individuals Participating in Prison-Based Treatment: An Observational Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Observational
- Correlates of Rural Naloxone Possession Among People Who Use Drugs: A Multi-State Cross-Sectional Analysis.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Characteristics and Drug Use Practices Associated with Fentanyl Use Frequency Among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Experiencing Housing Instability in Rural North America and Access to Health Care and Supportive Services: A Scoping Review.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2025Article
- Safety strategies and harm reduction for methamphetamine users in the era of fentanyl contamination: A qualitative analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Factors associated with gaps in naloxone knowledge: evidence from a 2022 great plains survey.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Gaps in Naloxone Knowledge: Evidence from a 2022 Great Plains Survey.Research square · 2023Article
- Opioid and stimulant attributed treatment admissions and fatal overdoses: Using national surveillance data to examine the intersection of race, sex, and polysubstance use, 1992-2020.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Daily opioid and stimulant co-use and nonfatal overdoses in the context of social disadvantage: Findings on marginalized populations.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- An exploratory study of a hands-on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to the fentanyl-adulterated drug supply among people who use drugs in Oregon.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- "It wasn't here, and now it is. It's everywhere": fentanyl's rising presence in Oregon's drug supply.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Gaps in naloxone ownership among people who inject drugs during the fentanyl wave of the opioid overdose epidemic in New York City, 2018.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Article
- Characteristics and health service use of Medicaid-insured individuals filling naloxone under a standing order in Louisiana.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNaloxone is an opioid antagonist that can be effectively administered by bystanders to prevent overdose. We determined the proportion of people who had naloxone and identified predictors of naloxone ownership among two samples of people who inject drugs (PWID) who use opioids in Portland and rural Western Oregon. BASIC PROCEDURES: We used data from participants in Portland's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS, N = 477) and the Oregon HIV/Hepatitis and Opioid Prevention and Engagement Study (OR-HOPE, N = 133). For each sample, we determined the proportion of participants who had naloxone and estimated unadjusted and adjusted relative risk of having naloxone associated with participant characteristics. MAIN
findingsSixty one percent of NHBS and 30 % of OR-HOPE participants had naloxone. In adjusted analysis, having naloxone was associated with female gender, injecting goofballs (compared to heroin alone), housing stability, and overdose training in the urban NHBS sample, and having naloxone was associated with drug of choice, frequency of injection, and race in the rural OR-HOPE sample. In both samples, having naloxone was crudely associated with SSP use, but this was attenuated after adjustment. PRINCIPAL
conclusionsNaloxone ownership was insufficient and highly variable among two samples of PWID who use opioids in Oregon. People who use methamphetamine, males, and people experiencing homelessness may be at increased risk for not having naloxone and SSP may play a key role in improving access.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.