ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021
Experiential avoidance is associated with medical and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experiential Avoidance is Associated with Insomnia Symptoms and Related Consequences Among Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Behavioral sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Deployment-related toxic exposures, mental health problems, and suicide outcomes among Gulf War era U.S. veterans.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
- The association between Gulf War Illness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Gulf War Era Veterans.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the critical warzone experiences scale among Gulf War I-era veterans: Associations with PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- The association of military sexual assault and nonsuicidal self-injury in U.S. Gulf War-I era veterans.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Mental health treatment utilization among Gulf War era veterans with probable alcohol use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire: Validation of the French Version in Non-clinical Adults.Psychologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Nonsuicidal self-injury among veterans is associated with psychosocial impairment, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and underutilization of mental health services.Death studies · 2024Article
- Experiential Avoidance, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Moderation Analysis in a National Veteran Sample.International journal of cognitive therapy · 2023Article
- The Prevalence, Humanistic Burden, and Health Care Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among United States Veterans.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Article
- Crisis due to war: anxiety, depression and stress in the population of 13 Latin American countries.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Veterans Health Administration's integrated model of care increases accessibility and delivery of mental health services.Psychological services · 2023Article
- Cannabis use and suicide risk among Gulf War veterans.Death studies · 2023Article
- Nonsuicidal self-injury in veterans: Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and gender differences from a national cohort.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- Correlates and clinical associations of military sexual assault in Gulf War era U.S. veterans: Findings from a national sample.Journal of traumatic stress · 2022Article
- Comparing psychosocial functioning, suicide risk, and nonsuicidal self-injury between veterans with probable posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Sleep Apnea Among Gulf War Veterans: An Examination of VA Utilization Rates, Treatment Initiation, and Health Outcomes.Behavioral sleep medicineArticle
- Experiential Avoidance, Pain, and Suicide Risk in a National Sample of Gulf War Veterans.Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide ResearchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A substantial minority of deployed Gulf War veterans developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and several chronic illnesses. Although military combat and exposure to certain nuclear, biological, and chemical agents (NBCs) increase risk for post-deployment health problems, they do not fully explain many Gulf War veteran health diagnoses and are not viable treatment targets. Experiential avoidance (EA; one's unwillingness to remain in contact with unpleasant internal experiences) is a modifiable psychosocial risk factor associated with PTSD and depression in veterans as well as pain and gastrointestinal diseases in the general population. In this study, we recruited a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans (N = 454) to test the hypothesis that greater EA would be significantly associated with higher lifetime odds of PTSD, depression, "Gulf War Illness" (GWI/CMI), and other chronic illnesses common in this veteran cohort. Participants completed a self-report battery assessing demographic, military-related, and health-related information. Multivariate analyses showed that after adjusting for age, sex, race, combat exposure, and NBC exposure, worse EA was associated with higher lifetime odds of PTSD, depression GWI/CMI, gastrointestinal problems, irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome (ORs ranged 1.25 to 2.89; effect sizes ranged small to large), but not asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings suggest medical and mental health providers alike should assess for EA and potentially target EA as part of a comprehensive, biopsychosocial approach to improving Gulf War veterans' health and wellbeing. Study limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
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