ArticleInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2021
In Vivo Imaging of the Microglial Landscape After Whole Brain Radiation Therapy.
Article in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep Deprivation Induces Glial Dysfunction, Synaptic Loss, Metabolic Imbalance, and Cognitive Impairment in 12-Month-Old Mice: Protective Effects of D30.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Microglial response to sleep deprivation depends on the hippocampal region and paradigm used in adult male mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- NK cell-derived GZMB (granzyme B) suppresses glioblastoma radioresistance by blocking SDC1-mediated autophagosome maturation.Autophagy · 2026Article
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Biological sex, microglial signaling pathways, and radiation exposure shape cortical proteomic profiles and behavior in mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma Standard of Care: Effects on Tumor Evolution and Reverse Translation in Preclinical Models.Cancers · 2024Review
- Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Advances in the study of the molecular biological mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- Combined use of NK cells and radiotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Microglia as Therapeutic Target for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Multiple Irradiation Affects Cellular and Extracellular Components of the Mouse Brain Tissue and Adhesion and Proliferation of Glioblastoma Cells in Experimental System In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWhole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is an important treatment for patients with multiple brain metastases, but can also cause cognitive deterioration. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, promote a proinflammatory environment and likely contribute to cognitive decline after WBRT. To investigate the temporal dynamics of the microglial reaction in individual mice to WBRT, we developed a novel in vivo experimental model using cranial window implants and longitudinal imaging. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Chronic cranial windows were surgically implanted over the somatosensory cortex of transgenic Cx3cr1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/+ C57BL/6 mice, where microglia were fluorescently tagged with EGFP. Cx3cr1-EGFP/+ mice were also crossed with Thy1-YFP mice to fluorescently dual label microglia and subsets of neurons throughout the brain. Three weeks after window implantation and recovery, computed tomography image guided WBRT was delivered (single dose 10 Gy using two 5 Gy parallel-opposed lateral beams). Radiation dosing was confirmed using radiochromic film. Then, in vivo 2-photon microscopy was used to longitudinally image the microglial landscape and microglial motility at 7 days and 16 days after irradiation in the same mice.
resultsFilm dosimetry confirmed the average delivered dose per beam at midpoint was accurate within 2%, with no attenuation from the window frame. By 7 days after WBRT, significant changes in the microglial landscape were seen, characterized by apparent loss of microglial cells (20%) and significant rearrangements of microglial location with time after irradiation (36% of cells not found in original location).
conclusionsUsing longitudinal in vivo 2-photon imaging, this study demonstrated the feasibility of imaging microglia-neuron interactions and defining how microglia react to WBRT in the same mouse. Having demonstrated utility of the model, this experimental paradigm can be used to investigate the dynamic changes of many different brain cell types and their interactions after WBRT and uncover the underlying cellular mechanisms of WBRT-induced cognitive decline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.