Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34314704›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2021

Massively parallel characterization of CYP2C9 variant enzyme activity and abundance.

Clara J Amorosi, Melissa A Chiasson, Matthew G McDonald, Lai Hong Wong, Katherine A Sitko, Gabriel Boyle, John P Kowalski, Allan E Rettie, Douglas M Fowler, Maitreya J Dunham

Open access · bronzeAbstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
14.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The power of many: when genetics met yeasts and high-throughput.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Supervised learning of protein variant effects across large-scale mutagenesis datasets.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Clara J AmorosiDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Melissa A ChiassonDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Matthew G McDonaldDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Lai Hong WongDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Katherine A SitkoDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Gabriel BoyleDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
John P KowalskiDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Allan E RettieDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Douglas M FowlerDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: dfowler@uw.edu.
Maitreya J DunhamDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: maitreya@uw.edu.
University of Washington · US

Funding

INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN GENOMIC SCIENCEST32HG000035 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Bruce Colston Trapnell · 1995 to 2026
$24.2M
Pharmacological Sciences SupplementT32GM007750 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI ATKINS, WILLIAM M · 1985 to 2023
$12.6M
F-CAP: Functionalization of Variants in Clinically Actionable PharmacogenesR24GM115277 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI FOWLER, DOUGLAS M, RETTIE, ALLAN EDWARD · 2015 to 2017
$2.2M
Comprehensive, context-aware, functional analysis of Cytochrome P450 variantsR01GM132162 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI DUNHAM, MAITREYA J, FOWLER, DOUGLAS M · 2019 to 2022
$2.1M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000035NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM132162NIGMS NIH HHS R24 GM115277NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007750
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CYP2C9 encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for metabolizing up to 15% of small molecule drugs, and CYP2C9 variants can alter the safety and efficacy of these therapeutics. In particular, the anti-coagulant warfarin is prescribed to over 15 million people annually and polymorphisms in CYP2C9 can affect individual drug response and lead to an increased risk of hemorrhage. We developed click-seq, a pooled yeast-based activity assay, to test thousands of variants. Using click-seq, we measured the activity of 6,142 missense variants in yeast. We also measured the steady-state cellular abundance of 6,370 missense variants in a human cell line by using variant abundance by massively parallel sequencing (VAMP-seq). These data revealed that almost two-thirds of CYP2C9 variants showed decreased activity and that protein abundance accounted for half of the variation in CYP2C9 function. We also measured activity scores for 319 previously unannotated human variants, many of which may have clinical relevance.

Indexed as

Mutation, MissenseBinding SitesCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Enzyme AssaysGene LibraryHigh-Throughput Screening AssaysHumansModels, MolecularMutagenesis, Site-DirectedPhenytoinPolymorphism, GeneticPrescription DrugsProtein BindingProtein Conformation, alpha-HelicalProtein Conformation, beta-StrandProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsCYP2C9 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9PhenytoinPrescription DrugsWarfarinXenobioticsCYP2C9deep mutational scanninghumanized yeastpharmacogenomicswarfarin

Identifiers

PMID34314704
PMCPMC8456167
OpenAlexW3183354255

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.