Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34314569›Full record

ArticleAnatomical sciences education2022

Anatomy education for medical students in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in 2019: A 20-year follow-up.

Claire F Smith, Samuel K Freeman, David Heylings, Gabrielle M Finn, D Ceri Davies

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical sciences education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Near-Peer Anatomy-Anchored Teaching.The clinical teacher · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Claire F SmithDepartment of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-8591
Samuel K FreemanDepartment of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
David HeylingsDepartment of Medical Education, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Gabrielle M FinnSchool of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-694X
D Ceri DaviesHuman Anatomy Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Funding

Anatomical Society
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anatomical education in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland has long been under scrutiny, especially since the reforms triggered in 1993 by the General Medical Council's "Tomorrow's Doctors." The aim of the current study was to investigate the state of medical student anatomy education in the UK and Ireland in 2019. In all, 39 medical schools completed the survey (100% response rate) and trained 10,093 medical students per year cohort. The teachers comprised 760 individuals, of these 143 were employed on full-time teaching contracts and 103 were employed on education and research contracts. Since a previous survey in 1999, the number of part-time staff has increased by 300%, including a significant increase in the number of anatomy demonstrators. In 2019, anatomy was predominantly taught to medical students in either a system-based or hybrid curriculum. In all, 34 medical schools (87%) used human cadavers to teach anatomy, with a total of 1,363 donors being used per annum. Gross anatomy teaching was integrated with medical imaging in 95% of medical schools, embryology in 81%, living anatomy in 78%, neuroanatomy in 73%, and histology in 68.3%. Throughout their five years of study, medical students are allocated on average 85 h of taught time for gross anatomy, 24 h for neuroanatomy, 24 h for histology, 11 h for living anatomy, and 10 for embryology. In the past 20 years, there has been an average loss of 39 h dedicated to gross anatomy teaching and a reduction in time dedicated to all other anatomy sub-disciplines.

Indexed as

AnatomyEducation, Medical, UndergraduateStudents, MedicalCurriculumFollow-Up StudiesHumansIrelandSurveys and QuestionnairesTeachingUnited Kingdomanatomy curriculaanatomy teachingbody donationsdissectiongross anatomy educationmedical educationmedical students

Identifiers

PMID34314569
PMCPMC9786311

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.