ArticleJournal of insect science (Online)2021
The Galleria mellonella-Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Model System: Characterization of Pathogen Virulence and Insect Immune Responses.
Article in Journal of insect science (Online), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucin Increases the Virulence of EnterotoxigenicBiology · 2026Article
- When Small Meets Smaller: Immune Modulation and Virulence Strategies in Insect-Bacteria Interactions.Insects · 2026Review
- Insights into the pathophysiological, molecular, and ultrastructural alterations induced by cadmium oxide nanoparticle toxicity in the midgut of Galleria mellonella.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Investigation on Pathogenic Bacteria of Buffalo Subclinical Mastitis and Their Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Characteristics in Guangxi, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Novel Animal Model of Enterobacteria Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Amoxicillin-Biosurfactant Synergic Using Nsombé (Rhynchophorus phoenicis Larvae).MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Whole genome-based genetic insights ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Virulence of Shigatoxigenic and EnteropathogenicVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Lepidopteran insects: emerging model organisms to study infection by enteropathogens.Folia microbiologica · 2023Review
- Effect of phage vB_EcoM_FJ1 on the reduction of ETEC O9:H9 infection in a neonatal pig cell line.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Potentially Virulent Multi-Drug ResistantDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Hemocytes Release Extracellular Traps That Confer Protection Against Bacterial Infection in the Hemocoel.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2021Article
- Galleria mellonella as a Simple Yet Reliable In Vivo Model for Nanotoxicology: Techniques and Applications.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
- Selection and evaluation of dual reference genes in silkwormScience progressArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The use of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an economical insect model, for the study of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (Migula) (EPEC), a diarrheagenic human pathogen, has been demonstrated previously but remains poorly understood. The present study characterizes the Galleria-EPEC system extensively for future studies using this system. We found that EPEC causes disease in G. mellonella larvae when injected intrahemocoelically but not orally. Disease manifests as increased mortality, decreased survival time, delayed pupation, decreased pupal mass, increased pupal duration, and hemocytopenia. Disease symptoms are dose-dependent and can be used as metrics for measuring EPEC virulence in future studies. The type III secretion system was only partially responsible for EPEC virulence in G. mellonella while the majority of the virulence remains unknown in origin. EPEC elicits insect anti-bacterial immune responses including melanization, hemolymph coagulation, nodulation, and phagocytosis. The immune responses were unable to control EPEC replication in the early stage of infection (≤3 h post-injection). EPEC clearance from the hemocoel does not guarantee insect survival. Overall, this study provided insights into EPEC virulence and pathogenesis in G. mellonella and identified areas of future research using this system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.