Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34313158›Full record

ArticleThe Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry2022

Psychological distress, loneliness, alcohol use and suicidality in New Zealanders with mental illness during a strict COVID-19 lockdown.

Caroline Bell, Jonathan Williman, Ben Beaglehole, James Stanley, Matthew Jenkins, Philip Gendall, Charlene Rapsey, Susanna Every-Palmer

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Suicide prevented or delayed? Suicide rates during North Carolina's stay-at-home order.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2025
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  11. COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown and Wellbeing: Experiences from Aotearoa New Zealand in 2020.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Caroline BellDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-3423-5169
Jonathan WillimanDepartment of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-5080-4435
Ben BeagleholeDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
James StanleyDepartment of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Matthew JenkinsDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Philip GendallDepartment of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Charlene RapseyDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-1052-249X
Susanna Every-PalmerDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-6455-9741
University of Otago · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPeople with pre-existing mental health conditions may have been disproportionally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health restrictions. In this study, we compared psychological outcomes, experiences and sources of stress over the pandemic lockdown in New Zealanders with and without a previous diagnosis of mental illness.

methodsTwo online surveys were conducted in New Zealand over the level 4 lockdown in April 2020 measuring psychological distress, anxiety, well-being, suicidality, alcohol use and subjective experiences. They included 3389 participants, of whom 18.4% reported having been previously diagnosed with a mental illness.

resultsDuring the lockdown, people previously diagnosed with a mental illness had about twice the risk of reporting moderate-high levels of psychological distress (K10 ⩾ 12), at least moderate levels of anxiety (GAD-7 ⩾ 10) and poor well-being (WHO-5 ⩽ 12). They reported increased alcohol use and were about four times as likely to have experienced suicidal thoughts with 3% reporting having made a suicide attempt over the lockdown period. They reported less satisfaction with, and poorer relationships with people in their 'bubble', reduced social contacts and greater loneliness. They also reported higher levels of health and financial concerns.

conclusionDuring the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand, people with a previous diagnosis of a mental illness were at increased risk of detrimental psychological outcomes. This highlights the importance of recognising this and the challenges people face in pandemics.

Indexed as

COVID-19Mental DisordersPsychological DistressSuicideAnxietyCommunicable Disease ControlDepressionHumansLonelinessNew ZealandPandemicsSuicidal IdeationCOVID-19lockdownMental illnesssuicide, anxietywell-being

Identifiers

PMID34313158
PMCPMC9218412
OpenAlexW3183616845

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.