ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2021
The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors among the General Public during COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-sectional Study in Korea.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Money and mental health: a scoping review of financial variables, data sources, and analytical methods.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Emotional contagion, anxiety, and depression during COVID-19: a survey from Egypt.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Thirty-Year Trends in Anxiety Disorders Incidence Across China, Japan, and Republic of Korea: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Based on GBD 2021.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Healthcare professionals' knowledge and perceptions of post-stroke rehabilitation in the peripandemic period: an online cross-sectional survey.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Incidence of Panic Disorder Diagnoses After Celebrity Disclosures of Panic Disorder in South Korea.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Impact of Omicron-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Depression and Anxiety: A Community-Based Study in Korea.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- The Prevalence of Depression among the Global Public in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Birmingham vasculitis activity score and the short form 36-item health survey predict current depressive disorders in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Article
- Exploring depressive symptom trajectories in COVID-19 patients with clinically mild condition in South Korea using remote patient monitoring: longitudinal data analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mental health and psychological resilience amid the spread of the Omicron variant: a comparison between China and Korea.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Trends in emergency department visits for suicide attempts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: A nationwide study, 2016-2021.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Related Factors of Depression Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of mental health services in South Korea: a nationwide, health insurance data-based study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic on healthy lifestyle behaviors in persons with and without disabilities in Qatar.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Psychometric evaluation of Korean version of COVID-19 fear scale (K-FS-8): A population based cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Mental Health Problems During COVID-19 and Attitudes Toward Digital Therapeutics.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Psychological Impact of Cancellation of Elective Surgeries for Ophthalmic Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSince its first case confirmed on January 20, 2020, Korea has been through three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fears of the fourth wave persist as new cases continue to emerge. In such unpredictable times, the mental well-being of people is of crucial importance. This study examined the levels of depression and anxiety and their predictors among the Korean general public in Busan, Korea, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study via a self-reported questionnaire administered to 2,288 adult residents (aged 19-60 years) of Busan, Korea. Participants' depression and anxiety were assessed using the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which consists of PHQ-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2), with the cutoff score of 3.
resultsThe mean age of the participants was 39.71 years. COVID-19 had several psychosocial impacts on people. It was revealed that 80.3% had restrictions in outside activities, 47.3% reported financial difficulties, and 53.6% had a fear of death or fatal outcome when infected with COVID-19. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with depression and anxiety. A total of 30.7% participants were classified as at risk of depression based on cutoff score of 3 on PHQ-2. Logistic regression analysis revealed that changes in sleep pattern due to COVID-19 were most strongly associated with depression, followed by restrictions in outside activities due to social distancing and increased family conflicts due to COVID-19. Also, 22.6% participants were classified as at risk of anxiety based on a cutoff score of 3 on GAD-2. Analysis revealed that changes in sleep pattern due to COVID-19 were most strongly associated with anxiety, followed by spending a lot of time searching for COVID-19-related information and having a fear of death or fatal outcome when infected with COVID-19.
conclusionThe results are alarming; 30.7% had a PHQ-2 score of 3 or higher, indicating depression, and 22.6% had a GAD-2 score of 3 or higher, indicating anxiety. Changes in sleep pattern had the strongest association with both depression and anxiety. Our results can be used to formulate mental health policies tailored to the context of the city. Our findings suggest the high prevalence of depression and anxiety in the society during the COVID-19 pandemic, which places growing importance on early intervention for mental health problems during these times.
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