ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2022
Behavioral, neurocognitive, polysomnographic and cardiometabolic profiles associated with obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents with ADHD.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and orthodontic outcomes: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Diagnostic Labels to Phenotype-directed Care.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Article
- The genetic overlap and causal relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obstructive sleep apnea: a large-scale genomewide cross-trait analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sleep and circadian disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Improvement of attention deficit disorder symptoms after treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in an adult: a case report and mini review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Review
- Edward O. Bixler, PhD: from the Apollo project and chimpanzees to sleep epidemiology.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Impact of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Neurons in Mice: A Study of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Polysomnographic insights into the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obstructive sleep apnea connection in children.Frontiers in sleep · 2024Article
- Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at Adolescent Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Evidence of a maturational disruption in non-rapid eye movement sleep slow wave activity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning and internalizing disorders.Sleep medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA high comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as well as similar impairments across neurobehavioral outcomes has been described in children. However, there is a paucity of research examining the comorbidity of these two disorders in adolescents. This study examined the association of OSA with sleep, neurobehavioral, and cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescents with ADHD from the general population.
methods421 adolescents (16.9 ± 2.3 years, 53.9% male) underwent 9-hr polysomnography, neurobehavioral, and physical evaluation. ADHD was ascertained by a parent-or-self-report of a lifetime diagnosis/treatment of ADHD. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index of ≥2 events/hour. Groups of controls (n = 208), OSA-alone (n = 115), ADHD-alone (n = 54), and ADHD+OSA (n = 44) were studied. Multivariable-adjusted general linear models tested group differences in PSG parameters, neurobehavioral, and cardiometabolic outcomes after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and/or body mass index percentile.
resultsThe ADHD+OSA group had significantly longer sleep onset latency, shorter total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, and higher percent of stage 1 sleep, as compared with all other groups, however, these differences were diminished by excluding adolescents on psychoactive medication. The ADHD-alone group showed significantly higher periodic limb movements than controls. The ADHD+OSA and ADHD-alone groups did not significantly differ on any measure of neurocognitive or behavioral functioning. The ADHD+OSA and OSA-alone groups showed significantly worse cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers when compared to controls or the ADHD-alone, but did not significantly differ between each other.
conclusionsAdolescents with a diagnosis ADHD+OSA showed phenotypic risk factors for OSA (i.e., overweight/obesity, visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation) but not worse neurobehavioral outcomes when compared with ADHD-alone. While comorbidity is possible, these data support that adolescents with a suspicion of ADHD should be screened for OSA, before a diagnosis is reached and psychoactive medication initiated.
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