ReviewThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
Consumption of penicillins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997-2017.
Review in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Dicloxacillin and Flucloxacillin Inhibit Hepatic Uptake Transporters-In Vitro Investigations and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Overview of Methods for Assessing Antimicrobial Use in Outpatient Settings in High-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin inhibit hepatic uptake transporters -in vitro investigations and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fragmented markets for older antibiotics and child formulations, Denmark, Norway, Sweden.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Assessing the Ecotoxicity of Eight Widely Used Antibiotics on River Microbial Communities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Knowledge of recommended antibiotic treatments for community-acquired infections in general medical practice: a cross-sectional study in Occitanie region, France.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the Ministry of Health restriction policy on seasonal antibiotic consumption trends in Saudi Arabia, 2016-2020.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Impact of Antibiotics as Waste, Physical, Chemical, and Enzymatical Degradation: Use of Laccases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Changes in Sensitization Patterns in the Last 25 Years in 619 Patients with Confirmed Diagnoses of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Beta-Lactams.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Consumption of Antibacterials for Systemic Use in Slovakia: A National Study and the Quality Indicators for Outpatient Antibiotic Use.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Quality appraisal of antibiotic consumption in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 2009 and 2017.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Consumption of antibiotics in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997-2017.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Review
- Consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997-2017.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Review
- Consumption of antibiotics in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997-2017: data collection, management and analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Analysing the trend over time of antibiotic consumption in the community: a tutorial on the detection of common change-points.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Change-points in antibiotic consumption in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997-2017.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesData on consumption of penicillins in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of penicillins.
methodsFor the period 1997-2017, data on consumption of penicillins, i.e. β-lactam antibacterials, penicillins (ATC group J01C), in the community aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of penicillins was analysed based on ATC-4 subgroups, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes.
resultsIn 2017, consumption of penicillins in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 4.9 between countries with the highest (Spain) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. An increase in consumption of penicillins, which was not statistically significant, was observed between 1997 and 2003 and up to 2010. A decrease, which was not statistically significant, was observed from 2010 onwards. Proportional consumption of combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) increased during 1997-2017, which coincided with a decrease in the proportional consumption of extended-spectrum penicillins (J01CA) and narrow-spectrum penicillins (J01CE).
conclusionsConsiderable variation in the patterns of consumption of penicillins was observed between EU/EEA countries. The consumption of penicillins in the EU/EEA community did not change significantly over time, while the proportional consumption of combinations of penicillins increased.
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