ReviewThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
Consumption of antibiotics in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997-2017.
Review in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Clinical course of pharyngotonsillitis with group A streptococcus treated with different penicillin V strategies, divided in groups of Centor Score 3 and 4: a prospective study in primary care.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic prescribing by dentists: a qualitative study in Chile.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Fluoroquinolone-Associated Psychiatric and Ocular Adverse Events: A Disproportionality Analysis Using Real-World Data From FAERS (2011-2024).Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Resource use and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus among older adults in real-world clinical practice across five European countries.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analysis of the nasopharyngeal microbiomes and resistomes in asthma, COVID-19 infected, and healthy individuals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A novel framework for assessing causal effect of microbiome on health: long-term antibiotic usage as an instrument.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Consumption in The Community Sector in Poland, 2019-2024: Changes and Challenges.Polish journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Overview of Methods for Assessing Antimicrobial Use in Outpatient Settings in High-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A hidden confounder for microbiome studies: medications used years before sample collection.mSystems · 2025Article
- Macrolide-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Prescribing Patterns in Russian Outpatients in 2024: Results of the Global-PPS Project.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Exploring Manipulated Prescribed Medicines for Novel Leads in 3D Printed Personalized Dosage Forms.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Be-SNAP: the Belgian Sepsis National Action Plan.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- The Use of Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Women: Qualitative Findings From the SCOUT Trial.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Evaluating academic detailing as an antibiotic stewardship intervention in primary healthcare settings in Croatia.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Community antibiotic consumption in the European Union/European economic area: late-pandemic rebound and seasonality analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Patterns of fluoroquinolone utilization and resistance in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis study from a developing country.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hospital and municipal wastewater as a source of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment: a review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesData on antibiotic consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/EEA countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main antibiotic groups.
methodsFor the period 1997-2017, data on consumption of antibiotics, i.e. antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01), in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Antibiotic consumption was analysed based on ATC-3 groups, and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes.
resultsIn 2017, antibiotic consumption in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor 3.6 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (the Netherlands) consumption. Antibiotic consumption in the EU/EEA did not change significantly over time. Antibiotic consumption showed a significant seasonal variation, which decreased over time. The number of DDD per package significantly increased over time. The proportional consumption of sulphonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) relative to other groups significantly decreased over time, while the proportional consumption of other antibacterials (J01X) relative to other groups significantly increased over time.
conclusionsOverall, antibiotic consumption in the community in the EU/EEA did not change during 1997-2017, while seasonal variation consistently decreased over time. The number of DDD per package increased during 1997-2017.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.